Reinforcing epoxy resin with nitrogen doped carbon nanotube: A potential lightweight structure material

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.02.021

Abstract

Abstract:

The outstanding mechanical properties of nanocarbon materials, especially carbon nanotube (CNT), make them one of the most promising reinforcing nanofillers for the high-performance lightweight structural material. However, the complicated but not eco-friendly surface functionalization processes (e.g. HNO₃ oxidation) are generally necessary to help disperse nanocarbon materials into epoxy or build chemical bonds between them. Herein, nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) was used to replace CNT to reinforce the epoxy resin, and the mechanical properties of the NCNT/epoxy nanocomposite showed significant superiorities over the CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. The fabrication process was simple and environmentally friendly, and avoided complicated, polluting and energy intensive surface functionalization processes. Moreover, the NCNT/epoxy suspension exhibited a relative low viscosity, which was favorable for the subsequent application. The reinforcing mechanism of NCNT was also proposed. The present work gives out an easy solution to the preparation of a high-performance nanocomposite as a potential lightweight structure material.

Key words: Epoxy-matric nanocomposite, Nitrogen doped carbon nanotube, NCNT/epoxy, Mechanical properties, Toughness

Qi Wang, Guodong Wen, Junnan Chen, Dang Sheng Su. Reinforcing epoxy resin with nitrogen doped carbon nanotube: A potential lightweight structure material[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(11): 2205-2211.

Figures/Tables 7

References

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Entry	Samples (loading amount)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Tensile Modulus (GPa)	Elongation at break (%)	Impact strength (kJ/m²)	K_1c (MPa m^1/2)	G_1c (kJ/m²)	G’₃₀ (MPa)	T_g (°C)
1	Neat epoxy	65.0 ± 2.4	2.77 ± 0.13	5.5 ± 0.6	26.3 ± 2.1	1.16 ± 0.10	0.43 ± 0.03	757.6	106.9
2	NCNT/epoxy (0.3 wt%)	69.5 ± 1.0	2.79 ± 0.07	6.9 ± 0.6	33.2 ± 3.1	4.26 ± 0.12	5.74 ± 0.19	903.0	108.4
3	NCNT/epoxy (0.5 wt%)	76.3 ± 0.2	2.96 ± 0.10	6.3 ± 0.6	35.7 ± 0.9	4.34 ± 0.25	5.63 ± 0.13	775.4	104.7
4	NCNT/epoxy (1 wt%)	65.3 ± 0.7	2.63 ± 0.10	6.3 ± 0.1	24.6 ± 2.0	3.83 ± 0.04	4.92 ± 0.10	756.5	106.5
5	CNT-epoxy (0.3 wt%)	62.7 ± 0.5	2.68 ± 0.07	4.0 ± 0.4	32.2 ± 3.0	3.52 ± 0.12	4.09 ± 0.15	640.6	105.9
6	CNT/epoxy (0.5 wt%)	59.9 ± 1.3	2.47 ± 0.09	3.7 ± 0.4	22.3 ± 2.2	3.95 ± 0.13	5.59 ± 0.11	905.4	106.6
7	CNT/epoxy (1 wt%)	58.0 ± 2.8	2.47 ± 0.05	5.0 ± 0.5	31.3 ± 2.7	4.03 ± 0.18	5.82 ± 0.21	901.1	106.6
8	CNT/epoxy (2 wt%)	47.3 ± 2.6	2.50 ± 0.01	2.3 ± 0.3	16.5 ± 1.4	3.58 ± 0.10	4.53 ± 0.15	888.9	106.4
9	oCNT/epoxy (1 wt%)	69.5 ± 0.4	2.97 ± 0.04	4.8 ± 0.5	41.9 ± 3.1	3.73 ± 0.08	4.14 ± 0.12	698 0.6	107.3

Entry	Samples (loading amount)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Tensile Modulus (GPa)	Elongation at break (%)	Impact strength (kJ/m²)	K_1c (MPa m^1/2)	G_1c (kJ/m²)	G’₃₀ (MPa)	T_g (°C)
1	Neat epoxy	65.0 ± 2.4	2.77 ± 0.13	5.5 ± 0.6	26.3 ± 2.1	1.16 ± 0.10	0.43 ± 0.03	757.6	106.9
2	NCNT/epoxy (0.3 wt%)	69.5 ± 1.0	2.79 ± 0.07	6.9 ± 0.6	33.2 ± 3.1	4.26 ± 0.12	5.74 ± 0.19	903.0	108.4
3	NCNT/epoxy (0.5 wt%)	76.3 ± 0.2	2.96 ± 0.10	6.3 ± 0.6	35.7 ± 0.9	4.34 ± 0.25	5.63 ± 0.13	775.4	104.7
4	NCNT/epoxy (1 wt%)	65.3 ± 0.7	2.63 ± 0.10	6.3 ± 0.1	24.6 ± 2.0	3.83 ± 0.04	4.92 ± 0.10	756.5	106.5
5	CNT-epoxy (0.3 wt%)	62.7 ± 0.5	2.68 ± 0.07	4.0 ± 0.4	32.2 ± 3.0	3.52 ± 0.12	4.09 ± 0.15	640.6	105.9
6	CNT/epoxy (0.5 wt%)	59.9 ± 1.3	2.47 ± 0.09	3.7 ± 0.4	22.3 ± 2.2	3.95 ± 0.13	5.59 ± 0.11	905.4	106.6
7	CNT/epoxy (1 wt%)	58.0 ± 2.8	2.47 ± 0.05	5.0 ± 0.5	31.3 ± 2.7	4.03 ± 0.18	5.82 ± 0.21	901.1	106.6
8	CNT/epoxy (2 wt%)	47.3 ± 2.6	2.50 ± 0.01	2.3 ± 0.3	16.5 ± 1.4	3.58 ± 0.10	4.53 ± 0.15	888.9	106.4
9	oCNT/epoxy (1 wt%)	69.5 ± 0.4	2.97 ± 0.04	4.8 ± 0.5	41.9 ± 3.1	3.73 ± 0.08	4.14 ± 0.12	698 0.6	107.3

Entry	CNT type	Tensile strength (MPa)	Tensile modulus (GPa)	Impact strength (kJ/m²)	K_1c (Mpa m^1/2)	G_1c (kJ/m²)	Ref.
1	DWCNT-NH₂	69.13 ± 0.61	2.978 ± 0.024	-	0.93 ± 0.030	-	[17]
2	MWCNT-NH₂	64.27 ± 0.32	2.820 ± 0.015	-	0.84 ± 0.028	-	[17]
3	a-MWNT	73 ± 2	-	-	0.92 ± 0.09	-	[14]
4	HPEEK-g-MWNTs	75 ± 5	-	-	1.06 ± 0.15	-	[14]
5	aligned MWCNT	-	3.26 ± 0.05	-	0.98 ± 0.05	0.223 ± 0.013	[37]
6	COOH-MWCNT	-	-	-	1.35 ± 0.20	-	[38]
7	MWCNTs/Ni	54 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 0.05	7.2 ± 0.1	-	-	[39]
8	LP200	-	-	-	2.90	-	[40]
9	0.3%CNT-1%CSCF	75	2.46	1.9	-	-	[41]
10	MWCNT	-	-	5.3 ± 0.3	0.49 ± 0.05	-	[42]
11	CNT-NH₂	-	-	0.39 ± 0.06	-	-	[43]
12	CNT forest	-	-	-	-	0.44 ± 0.01	[44]
13	SWCNT	74.7 ± 3.2	3.49 ± 0.21	-	0.66 ± 0.04	-	[19]
14	MWCNT	72.46 ± 5.24	3.69 ± 0.3	-	1.93 ± 0.19	-	[45]
15	MWCNT	90.01 ± 1.23	2.93 ± 0.08	-	0.70 ± 0.06	0.14	[46]
16	MWCNT/Silica	89.72 ± 5.13	3.42 ± 0.23	-	0.882 ± 0.056	0.199 ± 0.0143	[47]
17	MWCNT/LR	70.67 ± 0.74	2.66 ± 0.15	-	1.174 ± 0.046	0.455 ± 15.17	[47]

Entry	CNT type	Tensile strength (MPa)	Tensile modulus (GPa)	Impact strength (kJ/m²)	K_1c (Mpa m^1/2)	G_1c (kJ/m²)	Ref.
1	DWCNT-NH₂	69.13 ± 0.61	2.978 ± 0.024	-	0.93 ± 0.030	-	[17]
2	MWCNT-NH₂	64.27 ± 0.32	2.820 ± 0.015	-	0.84 ± 0.028	-	[17]
3	a-MWNT	73 ± 2	-	-	0.92 ± 0.09	-	[14]
4	HPEEK-g-MWNTs	75 ± 5	-	-	1.06 ± 0.15	-	[14]
5	aligned MWCNT	-	3.26 ± 0.05	-	0.98 ± 0.05	0.223 ± 0.013	[37]
6	COOH-MWCNT	-	-	-	1.35 ± 0.20	-	[38]
7	MWCNTs/Ni	54 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 0.05	7.2 ± 0.1	-	-	[39]
8	LP200	-	-	-	2.90	-	[40]
9	0.3%CNT-1%CSCF	75	2.46	1.9	-	-	[41]
10	MWCNT	-	-	5.3 ± 0.3	0.49 ± 0.05	-	[42]
11	CNT-NH₂	-	-	0.39 ± 0.06	-	-	[43]
12	CNT forest	-	-	-	-	0.44 ± 0.01	[44]
13	SWCNT	74.7 ± 3.2	3.49 ± 0.21	-	0.66 ± 0.04	-	[19]
14	MWCNT	72.46 ± 5.24	3.69 ± 0.3	-	1.93 ± 0.19	-	[45]
15	MWCNT	90.01 ± 1.23	2.93 ± 0.08	-	0.70 ± 0.06	0.14	[46]
16	MWCNT/Silica	89.72 ± 5.13	3.42 ± 0.23	-	0.882 ± 0.056	0.199 ± 0.0143	[47]
17	MWCNT/LR	70.67 ± 0.74	2.66 ± 0.15	-	1.174 ± 0.046	0.455 ± 15.17	[47]