Active metal brazing of SiO2-BN ceramic and Ti plate with Ag-Cu-Ti + BN composite filler

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.04.005

Abstract

Abstract:

SiO₂-BN ceramic and Ti plate were joined by active brazing in vacuum with Ag-Cu-Ti + BN composite filler. The effect of BN content, brazing temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joints was investigated. The results showed that a continuous TiN-TiB₂ reaction layer formed adjacent to the SiO₂-BN ceramic, whose thickness played a key role in the bonding properties. Four Ti-Cu compound layers, Ti₂Cu, Ti₃Cu₄, TiCu₂ and TiCu₄, were observed to border Ti substrate due to the strong affinity of Ti and Cu compared with Ag. The central part of the joint was composed of Ag matrix, over which some fine-grains distributed. The added BN particles reacted with Ti in the liquid filler to form fine TiB whiskers and TiN particles with low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), leading to the reduction of detrimental residual stress in the joint, and thus improving the joint strength. The maximum shear strength of 31 MPa was obtained when 3 wt% BN was added in the composite filler, which was 158% higher than that brazed with single Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal. The morphology and thickness of the reaction layer adjacent to the parent materials changed correspondingly with the increase of BN content, brazing temperature and holding time. Based on the correlation between the microstructural evolution and brazing parameters, the bonding mechanism of SiO₂-BN and Ti was discussed.

Key words: SiO₂-BN ceramic, BN particles, Microstructure, Mechanical properties

Yang Z.W., Wang C.L., Wang Y., Zhang L.X., Wang D.P., Feng J.C.. Active metal brazing of SiO₂-BN ceramic and Ti plate with Ag-Cu-Ti + BN composite filler[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(11): 1392-1401.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. Morphology of the as-milled Ag-Cu-Ti + 3 wt% BN composite filler and schematic diagram of sample assembly: (a) morphology of composite filler; (b) assembly of brazing sample.

Fig. 2. Microstructure of Ti/SiO2-BN joints brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti + BN composite filler with different BN content at 870 °C for 15 min: (a) 0; (b) 1.5%; (c) 3%; (d) 4.5%; (e) magnification of brazing seam in (b); (f) magnification of brazing seam in (c).

Table 1 Average chemical compositions of each reactant (at.%) in Fig. 2.

	Ti	Cu	Ag	N	B	Si	O	Possible phase
A	89.90	8.49	1.61	-	-	-	-	α-β Ti
B	60.78	36.50	2.72	-	-	-	-	Ti₂Cu
C	42.83	54.49	2.51	-	-	1.07	-	Ti₃Cu₄
D	35.41	63.29	1.30	-	-	-	-	TiCu₂
E	20.16	77.08	1.70	-	-	1.06	-	TiCu₄
F	1.00	10.93	86.31	-	-	1.76	-	Ag(s.s)
G	18.04	80.87	1.09	-	-	-	-	Cu(s.s)
H	40.26	4.38	1.19	20.12	24.42	6.49	4.04	TiN + TiB₂

Fig. 3. XRD analysis of Ti/SiO2-BN joint brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti + 3 wt% BN composite filler at 870 °C for 15 min: (a) brazing seam; (b) reaction layer adjacent to SiO2-BN ceramic.

Fig. 4. Effect of BN content on the shear strength and fracture mode of Ti/SiO2-BN brazed joints.

Table 2 Average chemical compositions of each reactant (at.%) in Fig. 5.

	Ti	Cu	Ag	B	N	Possible phase
A	43.40	52.75	3.85	-	-	Ti₃Cu₄
B	32.57	65.57	1.85	-	-	TiCu₂
C	18.04	80.87	1.09	-	-	TiCu₄
D	2.71	14.20	83.09	-	-	Ag(s.s)
E	27.72	7.00	-	65.28	0.00	TiB

Fig. 5. Effect of brazing temperature on the microstructure of Ti/SiO2-BN joints brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti + 3 wt% BN for 15 min: (a) 850 °C; (b) 890 °C; (c) 910 °C; (d) magnification of reaction layer in (c); (e) magnification of Zone 1; (f) magnification of Zone 2.

Fig. 6. Effect of holding time on the microstructure of Ti/SiO2-BN joints brazed at 870 °C: (a) 5 min; (b) 25 min; (c) 35 min; (d) magnification of brazing seam in (b).

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of microstructure evolution of Ti/SiO2-BN joint brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti + BN composite filler: (a) atomic distribution in the liquid filler; (b) chemical reactions occurred at the interfaces and added B powders; (c) growth of reaction layer and formation of Ti2Cu; (d) formation of Ti-Cu compounds and particle-reinforced brazing seam.

Fig. 8. Effect of (a) brazing temperature and (b) holding time on the shear strength of Ti/SiO2-BN joints brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti + 3 wt% BN composite filler.

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Active metal brazing of SiO₂-BN ceramic and Ti plate with Ag-Cu-Ti + BN composite filler

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