A Facile Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous TiO2 Microspheres with Carbonaceous Species for Visible-light Photocatalysis

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Hierarchically porous anatase TiO₂ microspheres composited with carbonaceous species (TCS) have been successfully fabricated by a one-step template-free solvothermal method, combined with subsequent low temperature dried process. In this configuration, the TCS microspheres are constructed by the interconnected porous nanosheets, which are further assembled with abundant nanoparticles and carbonaceous species. Such composite microspheres possess a large specific surface area of 337m² g^-1, uniform mesopores of 3.37nm and high total pore volumes of 0.275cm³ g^-1. The materials exhibit the enhanced photocatalytic properties and stability for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance may be ascribed to their abundant porous structure, large specific surface area and the unique assist-function of the carbonaceous species.

Key words: TiO2, Porous materials, Microspheres, Nanostructure, Photocatalytic properties

Liu Weigang,Xu Yingming,Zhou Wei,Zhang Xianfa,Cheng Xiaoli,Zhao Hui,Gao Shan,Huo Lihua. A Facile Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous TiO₂ Microspheres with Carbonaceous Species for Visible-light Photocatalysis[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(1): 39-46.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 XRD patterns of the TCS-60 (a), TCS-100 (b), TCS-150 (c), TCS-200 (d), TCS-300 (e) and TCS-500 (f)

Fig.2 FT-IR spectra of the TCS-60, TCS-150, TCS-300 and TCS-500

Fig.3 XPS spectra for the fully scanned spectrum, C 1s, O 1s and Ti 2p of the TCS-150

Fig.4 Low (A, C) and high (B, D) magnification SEM images of the TCS-150 (A, B) and the TCS-500 (C, D)

Fig.5 TEM images and HRTEM images of the TCS-150 (A, C, E) and the TCS-500 (B, D, F), the insets of (E) and (F) correspond to FFT pattern for TCS-150 and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern for TCS-500, respectively

Fig.6 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (A) and the corresponding pore size distribution (B) curves of TCS-60 (a), TCS-100 (b), TCS-150 (c), TCS-200 (d), TCS-300 (e) and TCS-500 (f)

Table 1 Pore diameter, pore volume and BET specific surface area of the as-prepared TCSs obtained at different thermal treatment temperatures

Thermal treatment temperature (°C)	Pore diameter (nm)	Pore volume (cm³ g^-1)	S_BET (m² g^-1)
60	3.35	0.285	399.4
100	3.47	0.283	364
150	3.37	0.275	337.6
200	3.57	0.319	327.4
300	4.14	0.197	148.7
500	7.88	0.1	32.8

Fig.7 (A) Diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra of the as-prepared microspheres thermally treated at different temperatures, and (B) plots of (αhν)2 vs hν for band gap energies of TCS-60, TCS-150, TCS-500, respectively

Fig.8 Adsorption-desorption equilibrium curves of RhB solution in dark by the as-synthesized sample of TCS-150

Fig.9 Absorption spectra of RhB solution after TCS-150 (A) and TCS-500 (B) decomposition for different time under the visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic decomposition of RhB dye under visible light (C) and UV light (D) irradiation for different time by TCS-60 (a), TCS-100 (b), TCS-150 (c), TCS-200 (d), TCS-300 (e), TCS-500 (f) and P25 (g)

Fig.10 Cyclic stability of photo-degradation of RhB for the TCS-150

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A Facile Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous TiO₂ Microspheres with Carbonaceous Species for Visible-light Photocatalysis

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