J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 817-823.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.11.009
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yixing Tiana, Huiling Liua, Brian W. Sheldonb, Thomas J. Webstercd, Sichen Yange, Huilin Yangad, Lei Yangad?()
Received:
2018-08-02
Accepted:
2018-10-17
Online:
2019-05-10
Published:
2019-02-20
Contact:
Yang Lei
About author:
1 These authors contribute equally to this paper.
Yixing Tian, Huiling Liu, Brian W. Sheldon, Thomas J. Webster, Sichen Yang, Huilin Yang, Lei Yang. Surface energy-mediated fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast responses on nanostructured diamond[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(5): 817-823.
Fig. 1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of plasma treating NCD: NCDH (a and d); NCDO (b and e); and NCDN (c and f).
Binding Energy (eV) | NCDH | NCDO | NCDN |
---|---|---|---|
C1s | 284.0 | 284.0 | 284.0 |
O1s | 531.5 | 531.5 | 531.5 |
N1s | Not detected | Not detected | 397.5 |
Table 1 Positions of C1s, O1s and N1s peaks of the various NCD surfaces measured by XPS.
Binding Energy (eV) | NCDH | NCDO | NCDN |
---|---|---|---|
C1s | 284.0 | 284.0 | 284.0 |
O1s | 531.5 | 531.5 | 531.5 |
N1s | Not detected | Not detected | 397.5 |
Substrate | Roughness (nm) | θ (H2O) (o) | Surface free energy (mN/m) | Critical surface energy (mN/m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
NCDH | 26.7 | 81.4 | 36.7 | 46.8 |
NCDO | 27.9 | 26.1 | 67.6 | 67.5 |
NCDN | 27.7 | 30.9 | 63.3 | 53.8 |
Table 2 RMS roughness, water contact angle (θ) and surface energy values of diamond surfaces.
Substrate | Roughness (nm) | θ (H2O) (o) | Surface free energy (mN/m) | Critical surface energy (mN/m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
NCDH | 26.7 | 81.4 | 36.7 | 46.8 |
NCDO | 27.9 | 26.1 | 67.6 | 67.5 |
NCDN | 27.7 | 30.9 | 63.3 | 53.8 |
Fig. 2 Normalized fibronectin adsorption on NCD and SMCD films with varied surface energy values. The adsorption on NCDH was set to a unit value. Data?=?mean?±?SEM; *p?<?0.1, **p?<?0.05.
Fig. 3 Fluorescence microscopy images showing the migration of osteoblast aggregates on NCDH (a-c), NCDO (d-f) and NCDN (g-i) after 6?h (a, d and g), 12 (b, e and h) and 24?h (c, f and i).
Substrate | Normalized spreading area | ||
---|---|---|---|
6?h | 12?h | 24?h | |
NCDH | 1 | 1.08 | 1.43 |
NCDO | 0.87 | 4.96 | 7.52 |
NCDN | 1.45 | 3.91 | 6.58 |
Table 3 Spreading areas of migrating OB aggregates on NCDH, NCDO and NCDN after 6, 12 and 24?h.
Substrate | Normalized spreading area | ||
---|---|---|---|
6?h | 12?h | 24?h | |
NCDH | 1 | 1.08 | 1.43 |
NCDO | 0.87 | 4.96 | 7.52 |
NCDN | 1.45 | 3.91 | 6.58 |
Fig. 4 Schematic of NCD and SMCD with different fractions of grain boundary phases (ρGB) due to the variation in grain sizes (d): (a) NCD, d?=?30?nm, ρGB~10%; (b) SMCD, d?=?600?nm, ρGB~0.5%. The schematic is not to scale and d is the average gain size (approximately r=d/2 in Eq. (2)). (c) A speculation of amphiphilic properties on NCD coatings. After treatment, the grains (terminated region) and grain boundaries (not terminated region) of NCD revealed opposite wettability.
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