Unusual He-ion irradiation strengthening and inverse layer thickness-dependent strain rate sensitivity in transformable high-entropy alloy/metal nanolaminates: A comparison of Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu vs Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.10.036

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, we prepare transformable HEA/Cu nanolaminates (NLs) with equal individual layer thickness (h) by the magnetron sputtering technique, i.e., Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu, and comparatively study He-ion irradiation effects on their microstructure and mechanical properties. It appears that the as-deposited HEA/Cu NLs manifest two size h-dependent hardness regimes (i.e., increased hardness at small h and hardness plateau at large h), while the He-implanted ones exhibit monotonically increased hardness. Contrary to the fashion that smaller h renders less irradiation hardening in bimetal NLs, the Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs manifest the trend that smaller h leads to greater irradiation hardening. By contrast, the Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs exhibit the maximum irradiation hardening at a critical h = 50 nm. Below this critical size, smaller h results in lower radiation hardening (similar to bimetal NLs), while above this size, smaller h results in greater radiation hardening (similar to Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs). Moreover, these transformable HEA/Cu NLs display inverse h-dependent strain rate sensitivity (SRS m) before and after He-ion irradiation. Nevertheless, compared with as-deposited samples, the irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs display reduced SRS, while the irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs display enhanced SRS. Such unusual size-dependent irradiation strengthening and inverse h effect on SRS in irradiated samples were rationalized by considering the blocking effects of He bubbles on dislocation nucleation and motion, i.e., dislocations shearing or bypassing He bubbles.

Key words: High entropy alloy/metal nanolaminates, Interfaces, Irradiation hardening, Strain rate sensitivity, Size effects

Y.F. Zhao, H.H. Chen, D.D. Zhang, J.Y. Zhang, Y.Q. Wang, K. Wu, G. Liu, J. Sun. Unusual He-ion irradiation strengthening and inverse layer thickness-dependent strain rate sensitivity in transformable high-entropy alloy/metal nanolaminates: A comparison of Fe₅₀Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀/Cu vs Fe₅₀Mn₃₀Co₁₀Ni₁₀/Cu[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 116: 199-213.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1. XRD patterns for Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs with different layer thicknesses h: (a, d) before irradiation; (b, e) after irradiation. (c, f) A comparison of XRD profiles between as-deposited and irradiated HEA/Cu NLs.

Fig. 2. Typically cross-sectional TEM images of (a, b) h = 10 nm and (c, d) h = 100 nm Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs and (e, f) h = 10 nm and (g, h) h = 100 nm Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs. The corresponding SADPs are inserted in (a, c, e, g). (b, d) HRTEM images show coherent interfaces, while the corresponding FFT image of the boxed regions in (d) displays the HCP phase in FMCC layers. (f, h) HRTEM images show the coherent interface between Cu and FMCN layers. The STEM images inserted in (a, e) show modulated nanolayered structure.

Table 1. Statistical result of twin thickness and twin's fraction in FMCC/Cu and FMCN/Cu NLs.

h (nm)	FMCC/Cu NLs				FMCN/Cu NLs
	Twin's fraction P^T (%)		Twin thickness l_T (nm)		Twin's fraction P^T (%)		Twin thickness l_T (nm)
		P^T_all	P^T_Cu	l_all	l_Cu	P^T_all	P^T_Cu	l_all	l_Cu
5	62.5±3.1	-	5.3±1.8	-	71.7±4.5	-	5.5±1.5	-
10	60.4±4.9	-	5.1±1.5	-	71.5±5.7	-	5.6±1.3	-
25	-	40.6±2.1	-	5.5±1.4	72.8±3.1	-	5.2±1.8	-
50	-	48.9±3.1	-	7.6±1.8	-	50.3±2.3	-	8.3±2.1
100	-	50.7±4.0	-	8.0±1.3	-	54.8±5.9	-	10.9±1.6
150	-	51.4±2.3	-	9.5±1.8	-	56.1±3.6	-	11.2±1.2

Fig. 3. (a, e) Representative STEM images of the deformed microstructure underneath the indenter in the as-deposited Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs with h = 25 nm. (b, f) The SADPs of indented (on the left) and as-deposited (on the right) samples. (c, g) Typical TEM images of the deformed microstructure underneath the indenter with twins indicated by arrows. (d, h) Typical HRTEM images of the indented region, showing the presence of nanotwins after deformation.

Fig. 4. (a) Cross-sectional TEM image for Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs with h = 100 nm after He irradiation. The SADP of the irradiated region shows the unchanged crystallographic orientation of the two constituents. Superimposed on image (a) is the He concentration vs. penetration depth profile simulated by SRIM. (b-d2) Magnified views of the irradiated boxed regions in (a) show the distribution of He bubbles indicated by white arrows. The corresponding FFT image of the boxed regions in (d1) shows the HCP phase in FMCC layers. Images (e) and (f) show the distribution of He bubbles of h = 5 nm samples. Images (d1, e) are captured in the condition of under-focus 0 nm and images (b, c, d2, f) are captured in the condition of under-focus 250 nm to clearly show the He bubbles.

Fig. 5. (a) A cross-sectional TEM image of irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs of h = 100 nm with embedded He concentration profile. The corresponding SADP inserted in (a) exhibits (111) and (200) textures after irradiation. (b, c) HRTEM images of the boxes b and c labeled in (a) at different penetration depths, showing bubbles are randomly distributed in Cu and FMCN layers. (d) A TEM image of irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs h = 150 nm showing numerous bubble chains at grain boundary in Cu, as indicated by arrows. (e) A HRTEM image shows the distribution of He bubbles in h = 5 nm samples.

Fig. 6. Representative TEM images of the deformed microstructure underneath the indenter in (a) Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and (e) Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs with h = 25 nm after irradiation. (b, f) Typical SADPs of the indented (on the left) and irradiated (on the right) samples. (c, g) Typical HRTEM images of the indented regions, showing the presence of nanotwins after deformation. (d, h) Typical HRTEM images of the indented regions, showing the He bubbles.

Fig. 7. Statistical results on He bubbles in irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs. The average bubble diameter and bubble spacing, bubble density as a function of h in Cu layer (a, c) and in FMCC layer (b, d) respectively.

Fig. 8. Statistical results on the parameters of He bubbles in the irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs. The average bubble diameter and bubble spacing, bubble density as a function of h in Cu layer (a, c) and in FMCN layer (b, d), respectively.

Fig. 9. Swelling is estimated based on the bubble densities and sizes. In the FMCC/Cu NLs, the magnitude of swelling increases with increasing h. In the FMCN/Cu NLs, the magnitude of swelling increases with h increasing from 5 nm to 25 nm. When h ≥ 50 nm, swelling does not change significantly.

Fig. 10. (a, c) The load-depth curves of as-deposited Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs at the same strain rate of 0.05 s-1 with different h, respectively; (b, d) the load-depth curves of irradiated Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs with different h, respectively.

Fig. 11. The measured hardness H as a function of h for (a) Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and (c) Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs. Calculations on the h-dependent irradiation hardening from different mechanistic models are depicted for (b) Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu and (d) Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs. More details can be referred to in the text.

Fig. 12. A comparison of the irradiation hardening as a function of h among the present Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10/Cu NLs, Fe50Mn30Co10Ni10/Cu NLs and other reported NLs systems Mo/Cu [28], V/Cu [29], V/Ag [30], Ni/Ag [33], Cu/Zr [34], Mo/Zr [36] and Nb/Zr [37] NLs with different interfacial structures.

Fig. 13. The measured hardness H as a function of strain rate for (a) as-deposited and irradiated FMCC/Cu NLs with different h and (b) as-deposited and irradiated FMCN/Cu NLs with different h. The slope of each line represents the strain rate sensitivity index m. The strain rate sensitivity m of (c) FMCC/Cu and (d) FMCN/Cu NLs as a function of h.

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Unusual He-ion irradiation strengthening and inverse layer thickness-dependent strain rate sensitivity in transformable high-entropy alloy/metal nanolaminates: A comparison of Fe₅₀Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀/Cu vs Fe₅₀Mn₃₀Co₁₀Ni₁₀/Cu

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