Size effects on electrical properties of sol-gel grown chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.01.020

Abstract

Abstract:

In this communication, we report the results of the studies on electrical properties of Zn_0.95Cr_0.05O nanoparticles synthesized using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were performed for the structural and microstructural behaviors of the nanoparticles. Rietveld analysis was carried out to confirm the single phasic nature. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) confirms the nanoscale nature and polycrystalline orientations in the samples. Dielectric response has been understood in the context of universal dielectric response (UDR) model along with the Koop’s theory and Maxwell - Wagner (M-W) mechanism. Variation in ac conductivity with frequency has been discussed in detail in terms of power law fits. Results of the impedance measurements have been explained on the basis of crystal cores and crystal boundary density. Cole - cole behavior has been studied for the impedance data. For potential application of nanoparticles, average normalized change (ANC) in impedance has been estimated and discussed in the light of size effects and oxygen vacancies.

Key words: Size effects, Electrical properties, Sol-gel, Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles

Zalak Joshi, Davit Dhruv, K.N. Rathod, J.H. Markna, A. Satyaprasad, A.D. Joshi, P.S. Solanki, N.A. Shah. Size effects on electrical properties of sol-gel grown chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(3): 488-495.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. Rietveld refined XRD patterns of sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O compounds sintered at (a) 450 °C, (b) 600 °C and (c) 750 °C and enlarged views of Rietveld refined three most intense XRD patterns of sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O compounds sintered at (d) 450 °C, (e) 600 °C and (f) 750 °C.

Fig. 2. Williamson - Hall (W-H) plots of XRD patterns collected for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at (a) 450 °C, (b) 600 °C and (c) 750 °C.

Fig. 3. TEM images of sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at 450, 600 and 750 °C.

Fig. 4. HRTEM images of sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at 450, 600 and 750 °C.

Fig. 5. Frequency dependent variation in (a) real and (b) imaginary parts of permittivity for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures.

Fig. 6. Plots of log(fε?) vs. log(f) with linear fits, throughout the frequency range studied, for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at 450 °C. Insets: Plots of log(fε?) vs. log(f) with linear fits, throughout the frequency range studied, for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at (a) 600 °C and (b) 750 °C.

Fig. 7. Variation in ac conductivity with frequency (ω), with power law (Aωη) fits, for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures.

Fig. 8. Frequency dependent variation in (a) real and (b) imaginary parts of impedance for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures.

Fig. 9. Cole - cole (complex) plots for impedance data carried out for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures.

Fig. 10. Variation in ANC in impedance with frequency for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures. Inset: An enlarged view of ANC in impedance with frequency for sol-gel grown Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures.

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