Room-temperature synthesis of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles for electron transport layer in efficient planar hetrojunction perovskite solar cells

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The interface engineering plays a key role in controlled optoelectronic properties of perovskite photovoltaic devices, and thus the electron transport layer (ETL) material with tailored optoelectronic properties remains a challenge for achieving high photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the fine and crystalline zirconium stanate (ZrSnO₄) nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized at low temperature, and its optoelectronic properties are systematically investigated. Benefiting from the favorable electronic structure of ZrSnO₄ NPs for applications in ETL, efficient electron transport and extraction with suppressed charge recombination are achieved at the interface of perovskite layer. As a result, the optimized ZrSnO₄ NPs synthesized at room-temperature deliver the optimized power conversion efficiency up to 16.76 % with acceptable stability. This work opens up a new class of ternary metal oxide for the use in ETL of the planar PSCs and should pave the way toward designing new interfacial materials for practical optoelectronic devices.

Key words: ZrSnO₄, Electron transport layer, Nanoparticles, Perovskite solar cells

Noh Young Wook, Jin In Su, Park Sang Hyun, Jung Jae Woong. Room-temperature synthesis of ZrSnO₄ nanoparticles for electron transport layer in efficient planar hetrojunction perovskite solar cells[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 42: 38-45.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1. Photographs for synthesis procedure of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles (a). HR-TEM images of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles synthesized at RT (b), 55?°C (c), and 75?°C (d). Binding energy spectra of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles for O 1s (e) and Zr 3d (f).

Fig. 2. UV-vis absorption and transmittance spectra (a), topographical (b-d), and conductive AFM images (e-g) for thin films of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles synthsized at RT (b, e), 55?°C (c, f), and 75?°C (d, g). Inset of Fig. 2(a) shows the photographs for thin films of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles synthesized at different temperatures.

Fig. 3. (a) UPS spectra, (b) Tauc plots, and (c) energy levels diagram of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles.

Fig. 4. SEM images of perovskite layers on ZrSnO4 nanoparticles synthesized at RT (a), 55?°C (b), and 75?°C (c). Steady state PL spectra (d) and time-resolved PL spectra (e) of the perovskite layer on ZrSnO4.

Fig. 5. (a) Cross-sectional SEM image of device employing ZrSnO4 nanoparticles, (b) J-V curves and (c) EQE spectra of the devices with regard to ZrSnO4 synthesis temperature.

Table 1 Photovoltaic parameters for the planar heterojunction PSCs based on NiOX with various Zn doping concentrations.

Temperature* [^oC]	V_OC [V]	J_SC [mA cm^-2]	J_SC** [mA cm^-2]	FF	PCE [%]	η_cc*** [%]	R_s [10³ Ω]	R_sh [Ω]	R₁ [Ω]	R₂ [Ω]	R₃ [Ω]
RT	1.00	24.75	23.37	0.67	16.76	93.0	8.13	429	43.2	117	29.6
55	0.93	25.00	23.76	0.64	14.80	87.9	11.6	321	43.9	143	3.11
75	0.97	24.40	22.39	0.62	14.50	87.4	7.90	128	30.9	178	24.8

Fig. 6. (a) Intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, (b) intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, (c) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (d) J-V curves under dark,of ZrSnO4-based PSCs.

Fig. 7. Stability results of PSCs with different ZrSnO4-based PSCs under ambient condition (a-d) and under N2 atmosphere with continuous illumination (100?mW/cm2) (e-h).

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Room-temperature synthesis of ZrSnO₄ nanoparticles for electron transport layer in efficient planar hetrojunction perovskite solar cells

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