Printing and electromagnetic characteristics of 3D printing frequency selective surface using graphene

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.041

Abstract

Abstract:

The study of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) by Direct ink writing (DIW) has attracted much attention due to the convenience and effectiveness of 3D printing technology. However, the limited printing precision of DIW has heavily restricted its applications as the electromagnetic performance is highly sensitive to it, especially the precision at the microscale. Herein, the ultra-high printing precision of FSS was achieved through DIW by the uniformly dispersed graphene sheets to deeply modify the rheological behavior and the steric hindrance effect. Thus, the highly precision of the printed filament width as thin as 67 μm with a space of only 42 μm were achieved, which is difficult for conventional DIW, and no structural distortion is found after 3D printing, no matter it was 2D printed on a flat surface or the sharply skewed hook face, or even 3D printed to architectural structures. According to the highly improved precision, the electromagnetic performance matching between the designed model and the printed physical FSS device was perfectly achieved, reducing the center frequency error less than 0.3 GHz, and the transmission coefficient error less than 0.046. Our work promises an effective and easy preparation of high-quality FSS from the aid of graphene.

Key words: Graphene, 3D printing, Rheological, Precision, Frequency selective surface

Guo-Xiang Zhou, Zhe Zhao, Yan-zhao Zhang, Wen-jin Liu, Zhi-Hua Yang, De-Chang Jia, Yu Zhou. Printing and electromagnetic characteristics of 3D printing frequency selective surface using graphene[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 111: 49-56.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the printed silver ink modified by 2D nano graphene sheets.

Fig. 2. (a) The relationship between viscosity and shear rate. (b) The relationship between shear stress and shear rate. (c) The calculated static viscosity η0 and the viscosity at shear rate of 500/s. (d) The viscosity of graphene modified ink under heating environment.

Fig. 3. Microstructure of graphene modified silver ink and the 2D nano graphene sheets.

Fig. 4. Printing precision of the graphene modified silver ink during the printing process, the evacuation process, and the sintering process. Evolution of printing precision during the preparing process for the graphene modified silver ink (a), evolution of length (b) and width (c).

Fig. 5. Printed high precision conductivity silver pattern at micro-scale. (a) School badge of Harbin institute of technology, (b) SEM images of the printed high precision graphene modified silver lines, (c) 2D printing of the graphene modified silver on a shapely hook face, (d) SEM images of the space between the two graphene modified silver lines, (e, f) Optical photograph of the 3D printed graphene modified silver structure.

Fig. 6. (a) Conductivity of the printed graphene modified silver after heat treatment, (b) porosity of the silver under different heat temperatures.

Fig. 7. (a) Designed FSS model, (b) electromagnetic performance of the silver-based FSS before modified and after modified, (c) printed graphene modified FSS, (d) simulated transmission coefficient of designed FSS and the printed FSS using graphene modified silver.

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