Ultralight and ordered lamellar polyimide-based graphene foams with efficient broadband electromagnetic absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.011

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of high-performance microwave absorption materials with strong absorption capacity and broad bandwidth is highly desirable in the field of electromagnetic pollution protection. Herein, ultralight polyimide-based graphene foam with ordered lamellar structure is precisely designed and controllably constructed by bidirectional freezing process. More lamellar interfaces formed inside the foam per unit volume effectively facilitate the layer-by-layer dissipation for the vertical incident electromagnetic waves, thereby endowing the foam with efficient broadband electromagnetic absorption performance. More importantly, electromagnetic absorption performance can be controllably adjusted by optimizing impedance distribution and microstructure of skeletons. As a result, the optimized foam with an ultralow density of 9.10 mg/cm³ presents a minimum reflection loss value of-61.29 dB at 9.25 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.51 GHz (7.06-12.57 GHz, covering the whole X band) when the thickness is 4.75 mm.

Key words: Polyimide, Graphene, Foam, Ordered lamellar structure, Microwave absorption

Yawei Zhang, Shuangshuang Li, Xinwei Tang, Wei Fan, Qianqian Lan, Le Li, Piming Ma, Weifu Dong, Zicheng Wang, Tianxi Liu. Ultralight and ordered lamellar polyimide-based graphene foams with efficient broadband electromagnetic absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 102: 97-104.

Figures/Tables 8

Scheme 1. The fabrication of rGO/PI foam with ordered lamellar structure.

Table 1 Sample composition of rGO/PI composite foams.

	Freezing temperature (°C)	GO (mg/mL)	GO:PAA (mg/mL:mg/mL)
rGO/PI-50-10c-1:1	-50	10	1:1
rGO/PI-70-10c-2:1	-70	10	2:1
rGO/PI-70-10c-1:1	-70	10	1:1
rGO/PI-70-10c-1:2	-70	10	1:2
rGO/PI-70-5c-1:1	-70	5	1:1
rGO/PI-70-20c-1:1	-70	20	1:1
rGO/PI-90-10c-1:1	-90	10	1:1

Fig. 1. The cross-sectional SEM images in XY plane of the different foams at the same bidirectional freezing conditions: (a) PI, (b) rGO, and (c) rGO/PI; (d) FTIR, (e) XRD, and (f) TGA curves of GO, PAA, GO/PAA and rGO/PI.

Fig. 2. The cross-sectional SEM images in the XY plane and 2D impedance matching contour maps (|Zin/Zo|) of rGO/PI foams fabricated at the freezing temperature of (a, d)-50 °C, (b, e)-70 °C, and (c, f)-90 °C; (g) attenuation constants, (h) dielectric loss tangent, and (i) Cole-Cole semicircle of the composite foams.

Fig. 3. 3D and 2D reflection loss maps of composite foams fabricated at different freezing temperatures: (a, d) rGO/PI-50-10c-1-1; (b, e) rGO/PI-70-10c-1-1; (c, f) rGO/PI-90-10c-1-1.

Fig. 4. The cross-sectional SEM images in the XY plane, 3D and 2D reflection loss maps of composite foams fabricated at different concentrations: (a, d, g) rGO/PI-70-5c-1-1; (b, e, h) rGO/PI-70-10c-1-1; (c, f, i) rGO/PI-70-20c-1-1.

Fig. 5. The cross-sectional SEM images in XY plane, 3D and 2D reflection loss maps of composite foams fabricated at different filler ratios: (a, d, g) rGO/PI-70-10c-2-1; (b, e, h) rGO/PI-70-10c-1-1; (c, f, i) rGO/PI-70-10c-1-2.

Table 2 Microwave absorption properties of carbon-based composite foams reported recently.

	Density (mg/cm³)	Thickness (mm)	RL_min (dB)	EAB (GHz)	Range (GHz)	Ref.
MXene/PI	8.9	3.0	-45.4	3.7	8.3-12.0	[33]
MXene/cellulose	310	2.0	-43.4	4.5	9.6-14.1	[34]
Graphene/TPU foam	310	1.6	-32.0	4.7	/	[35]
GPFA	38.3	3.0	-49.2	6.1	9.8-15.9	[36]
Graphene aerogel	4.76	5.0	-14.0	3.73	8.16-11.89	[8]
PI-GP_1/3-rGO	63.7	4.0	-32.9	6.22	8.26-14.48	[6]
TGO@SiC	72	3	-47.3	4.7	8.5-13.2	[37]
GPEGs	19.8	2.35	-43.2	5.3	9.6-14.9	[38]
FeNi@NC/NCNT/N-rGO	13.1	2	-39.39	4.7	/	[39]
SiCnw@SiC foam	125	2.82	-52.49	5.6	9.6-15.2	[40]
rGO/PI-70-10c-1-1	9.10	4.75	-61.29	5.51	9.25-15.11	This Work

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