Composition and size dependent torsion fracture of metallic glasses

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.12.019

Abstract

Abstract:

The fracture of metallic glasses (MGs) of different compositions and sizes down to micrometers under torsion loading were systematically investigated. Contrary to the flat shear fracture along the circumferential plane as commonly supposed under torsion, we find that the torsion fracture of metallic glasses can deviate from flat shear plane, and the fracture angle is closely dependent on the composition and the size of MG samples. With a conversion method, we show that the torsion fracture of both millimeter- and micrometer-sized MGs can be described by the ellipse fracture criterion as originally proposed for the tension fracture. The deviation from the circumferential shear plane under torsion is further shown to intrinsically relate to the fracture toughness of MGs. The tougher MG tends to have a smaller fracture angle with respect to the maximum shear plane, and vice versa, indicating a correlation between the fracture toughness and pressure/normal stress sensitivity in MGs. Our results provide new insights on the fracture mechanism and are helpful to design and control the deformation and fracture behavior of MGs under torsion loading.

Key words: Metallic glasses, Torsion fracture, Pressure sensitivity, Fracture toughness

J. Dong, J. Shen, Y.H. Sun, H.B. Ke, B.A. Sun, W.H. Wang, H.Y. Bai. Composition and size dependent torsion fracture of metallic glasses[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 82: 153-160.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. The X-ray and DSC spectrum of MG samples. (a) and (b) A wide single halo with no sharp peaks of crystalline phase confirming the full amorphous nature of MG samples. (c) and (d) The DSC curves giving the thermal properties of MG samples.

Fig. 2. The surface shear stress-strain curves for MGs with various compositions and sizes. (a) The Zr-based bulk MG shows a ductile torsion failure behavior with a large fracture strain of ～3.35 % and a nonlinear elongation of 0.68 % upon fracture. (b) and (c) The Pd-based and La-based bulk samples catastrophically failed without obvious nonlinear plastic strain. (d)-(f) The micro-size MG samples show obvious plastic strain that can be as large as ～1.5 % before fracture.

Fig. 3. The fracture morphologies of the Zr-based bulk MG after torsion testes. (a) The Zr-based sample failed along the plane perpendicular to the axial direction under torsion. (b) and (c) The large scale and dimple-shape vein like patterns on the whole fracture surface.

Fig. 4. The fracture morphologies of the Pd-based and La-based bulk MGs after torsion tests. (a) and (b) The spiral fracture for the Pd-based and La-based bulk MGs. (c) and (d) The smooth fracture surfaces of bulk MGs with no apparent vein patterns. (e) and (f) The enlarged view of the smooth fracture surfaces showing nano-size ravine shaped patterns.

Fig. 5. The fracture morphologies of the Pd-based MG Wires with micro-sized diameter after torsion testes. (a)-(c) The fracture angle of MG Wires under torsion load decreases with decreasing diameter. (d)-(f) Both the size and fraction of the vein pattern on the fracture surface of MG Wires increased with size reduction.

Fig. 6. The stress state for a cylindrical sample loaded in torsion. (a) The shear stress at the fracture surface is plotted on the shear Mohr cycle. (b) With the conversion, the stress at the fracture surface is plotted on the tension Mohr cycle.

Table 1 Data for the torsion fracture angle θS and converted tensile fracture angle θT, the torsion strength τf, the tensile strength σT, the normal tensile fracture stress σ0 and pure shear fracture stress τ0, the ratio α=τ0/σ0 and the normalized tensile strength σT/τ0.

Samples	θ_S	Θ_r	Τ_f (GPa)	σ_T=2τ_f (GPa)	σ₀ (GPa)	τ₀ (GPa)	α=τ₀/σ₀	σ_T/τ₀
Pd₄₀Ni₁₀Cu₃₀P₂₀	∼47°	92°	0.85	1.70	1.70	1.20	0.707	1.42
La₆₀Ni₁₅Al₂₅	∼49°	94°	0.20	0.40	0.40	0.28	0.707	1.42
Zr₆₅Cu₁₅Al₁₀Ni₁₀	∼0°	45°	0.89	1.78	∞	0.89	0.000	2.00
MG Wire d=115 μm	∼15°	60°	0.93	1.86	2.10	1.22	0.577	1.52
MG Wire d=86 μm	∼7°	52°	0.83	1.66	1.92	0.85	0.440	1.95
MG Wire d=51 μm	∼0°	45°	0.75	1.5	∞	0.75	0.000	2.00

Fig. 7. The normalized tensile strength σT/τ0 can be depicted well by the theory line of the ellipse criterion.

Fig. 8. The correlation between the tensile fracture angle θT and fracture toughness KIC of MGs from the present work and literatures [8,[30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]].

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