Highly dispersed silver nanoparticles for performance-enhanced lithium oxygen batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.07.039

Abstract

Abstract:

Aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries possess ultrahigh energy density but suffer from the sluggish decomposition of discharge product, quick depletion of Li anode and cleavage of electrolyte, in close association with oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode. Herein, highly dispersed silver nanoparticles are used to enhance the lithium-oxygen battery with 1.0 M lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide. It is observed that film-like amorphous lithium peroxide is formed through surface pathway instead of bulk crystals, due to the incorporation of silver nanoparticles dispersed in the electrolyte, which subsequently accelerates the decomposition of the discharge product by offering more active sites and improved conductivity. The released silver nanoparticles after battery charging can be re-used in the following cycles. Experiments and theoretical calculation further indicate that the suspended silver nanoparticles can adsorb the soluble oxygen reduction intermediates, which are responsible for the alleviation of oxidative cleavage of electrolyte and corrosion of lithium anode. The lifespan of lithium oxygen batteries is therefore significantly extended from 55 to 390 cycles, and the rate performance and full-discharge capacity are also largely enhanced. The battery failure is attributed to the coalescence and growth of silver nanoparticles in the electrolyte, and further improvement on colloid stability is underway.

Key words: Silver nanoparticle, Lithium oxygen battery, Performance, Amorphous lithium peroxide, Oxygen reduction intermediate

Zhihong Luo, Fujie Li, Chengliang Hu, Liankun Yin, Degui Li, Chenhao Ji, Xiangqun Zhuge, Kui Zhang, Kun Luo. Highly dispersed silver nanoparticles for performance-enhanced lithium oxygen batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 73: 171-177.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1. UV-vis spectrum of the colloidal electrolyte with 1.5 mg mL-1 Ag NPs (a), inset: digital images of the colloid before and after centrifuging (left) and standing for 2 months (right); TEM (b) and HRTEM (inset) images of Ag NPs, XRD pattern of Ag NPs (c), as well as TG analyses of Ag NPs and pure MSA (d); charge/discharge profiles of the LiClO4/DMSO (e) and LiClO4/DMSO /Ag cells (f), as well as the comparison on rate performance (g) and full-discharge curves (h).

Fig. 2. SEM images of the pristine MWNTs cathode (a), MWNTs cathode in the LiClO4/ DMSO cell after the 1 st discharging (b), 1 st recharging (c) and cycling for 55 times (d); the MWNTs cathode in the LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cell after the 1 st discharging (e), 1 st recharging (f), 55th discharging (g), 55th recharging (h); HAADF images and elemental mappings of the MWNTs cathode in the LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cell after the 1 st discharging (i) and 55th discharging (g), inset: corresponding SAED patterns.

Fig. 3. SEM images of the pristine Li anode (a), after the 1 st cycle (b) and 55th cycle (c) in the LiClO4/DMSO cell; the Li anode in the LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cell after the 1 st (d), 55th (e) and 390th (f) cycles; the cross-section images of the pristine Li anode (g) and Li anode after the 55th cycle (h) and 390th cycles (i) in the LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cell.

Fig. 4. SEM images of the pristine glassy fiber separator (a), after the 1 st (b) and 55th cycles (d) in the LiClO4/DMSO cell; the glassy fiber separator after the 1 st (d), 55th (e) and 390th cycles (f) in the LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cell; EIS plots of the LiClO4/DMSO and LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cells after the 1 st discharge (g), inset: the equivalent circuit; RRDE polarization curves of the LiClO4/DMSO and LiClO4/DMSO/Ag cells (h); graphic illustration of the cathode processes in the LiClO4/DMSO (i) and LiClO4/DMSO/Ag (j) cells.

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