Effect of partial replacement of carbon by nitrogen on intergranular corrosion behavior of high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.06.004

Abstract

Abstract:

The microstructure evolution and intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels (MSSs) by partial replacing C by N were investigated by using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitric acid tests and double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests. The results show that the partial replacement of C by N first reduces and then increases the size and content of precipitates in high nitrogen MSSs, and converts the dominant precipitates from M₂₃C₆ to M₂N, furthermore first improves and then deteriorates the IGC resistance. The high nitrogen MSS containing medium C and N contents provides good combination of mechanical properties and IGC resistance.

Key words: High nitrogen martensitic stainless steels, Precipitation, Intergranular corrosion, DL-EPR

Wei-Chao Jiao, Hua-Bing Li, Jing Dai, Hao Feng, Zhou-Hua Jiang, Tao Zhang, Da-Ke Xu, Hong-Chun Zhu, Shu-Cai Zhang. Effect of partial replacement of carbon by nitrogen on intergranular corrosion behavior of high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(10): 2357-2364.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Chemical compositions and mechanical properties of the high nitrogen MSSs.

Steels	Chemical composition (wt.%)							Mechanical properties (at 25 ℃)
Steels	C	N	Cr	Mo	Si	Mn	Fe	Hardness (HRC)	Ultimate tensile strength (MPa)	Impact energy (J)
0.50C-0.16 N	0.50	0.16	15.18	0.98	0.38	0.49	Bal.	60.1	2202.0	21.1
0.35C-0.37 N	0.35	0.37	15.13	0.97	0.41	0.50	Bal.	58.6	2033.4	86.1
0.20C-0.54 N	0.20	0.54	15.23	0.98	0.39	0.52	Bal.	59.2	2164.5	47.4

Fig. 1. SEM morphologies and elemental mapping of (a)(d) 0.50C-0.16 N, (b)(e) 0.35C-0.37 N and (c)(f) 0.20C-0.54 N steels. The area fractions of precipitates are about 4.84%, 1.41% and 2.56%, respectively.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, and TEM images and SAD patterns of (b)(c) 0.50C-0.16 N and (d) 0.20C-0.54 N steels.

Fig. 3. Variation of precipitates with temperature in high nitrogen MSSs calculated by Thermo-Calc.

Fig. 4. (a) Weight loss and (b) percolation depths of the investigated high nitrogen MSSs after nitric acid tests.

Fig. 5. Surface morphologies by SEM and cross section micrographs by OM of (a)(d) 0.50C-0.16 N, (b)(e) 0.35C-0.37 N and (c)(f) 0.20C-0.54 N steels after nitric acid tests.

Fig. 6. DL-EPR results and corresponding surface SEM micrographs of (a)(d) 0.50C-0.16 N, (b)(e) 0.35C-0.37 N and (c)(f) 0.20C-0.54 N steels. The arrows indicate the scanning direction.

Table 2 DOS values of the experimental high nitrogen MSSs in DL-EPR tests.

Steels	i_a (×10^-3 A/cm²)	i_r (×10^-3 A/cm²)	DOS (%)
0.50C-0.16 N	0.85	1.23	144.71
0.35C-0.37 N	0.19	0.01	5.26
0.20C-0.54 N	0.27	0.04	14.81

Fig. 7. Schematic of partial replacement of C by N on microstructure, IGC resistance and mechanical properties of high nitrogen MSSs: (a) influence of C/N content on carbide/nitride content and Cr-depleted zone, (b) variation of M23C6 and M2N contents and area of Cr-depleted zones, (c) tensile strength and percolation depth.

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