Copper oxide nanoparticles-loaded zeolite and its characteristics and antibacterial activities

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.03.015

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present work, a simple and green co-precipitation method was used to prepare copper oxide-zeolite nanocomposites (CuO-zeolite NCs). The weight ratio (1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 wt%) of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) loaded into zeolite was investigated to obtain the optimum CuO distribution for antibacterial activities. The prepared CuO-zeolite NCs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed a uniform surface morphology of the CuO-zeolite NCs. The UV-vis spectrum of NCs showed absorption peaks between 230 and 280 nm for nano-CuO in the XRD patterns, and new peaks appeared between (36.56°-38.83°) related to the CuO. At weight ratio less than 10 wt%, the CuO nanoparticles loaded to the zeolite exhibited spherical shapes with average particle diameter of 6.5 nm measured by TEM and XRD. Antibacterial activities were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The obtained results showed that, CuO-zeolite NCs with 8 wt% CuO nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial activities against Bacillus Subtilis B29 and Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10708, which can be attributed to the good dispersion of CuO NPs on the zeolite surface.

Key words: Copper oxide-zeolite, Nanocomposites, Antibacterial

A. Alswat Abdullah, Bin Ahmad Mansor, Zobir Hussein Mohd, Azowa Ibrahim Nor, A. Saleh Tawfik. Copper oxide nanoparticles-loaded zeolite and its characteristics and antibacterial activities[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(8): 889-898.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for the preparation of CuO-zeolite NCs.

Fig. 3 illustrates the FT-IR spectra of zeolite type A and the prepared CuO-zeolite NCs with various CuO contents. The vibration bands at 3349 cm-1 and 1647 cm-1 can be assigned for O-H stretching. The band at 966 cm-1 is due to the stretching vibration of Si-O, the position bands at 678 cm-1 are for Al-O, and the bands at 542-459 cm-1 are attributed to the Si-O-Si bending vibration [35].

Fig. 3. FT-IR spectra: (A) zeolite; (B-E) CuO-zeolite NCs (3, 5, 8 and 10 wt%).

Fig. 4. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns: (A) zeolite; (B-F): CuO-zeolite NCs (1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 wt%).

Fig. 5. EDXRF spectra of zeolite, CuO-zeolite NCs 5 wt% and CuO-zeolite NCs 10 wt%.

Fig. 6. TEM morphologies (A, B) of CuO-zeolite NCs at 8 and 10 wt% and corresponding histograms of particle size distribution (C, D), respectively.

Fig. 7. FESEM morphologies: (A) zeolite; (B-D) CuO-zeolite NCs (3, 8 and 10 wt%).

Fig. 8. Inhibition zone test for (Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708 and Bacillus subtilis B29): (A) streptomycin Gram-positive standard; (B-D) CuO-zeolite NCs (3, 8, 10 wt%); (E) zeolite.

Fig. 9. Inhibition zone test for (Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708 and Bacillus subtilis B29): (A) streptomycin Gram-positive standard; (B) CuO; (C) distilled water as control negative standard.

Fig. 10. Average inhibition zone graph for; Zeolite, CuO, and CuO-zeolite NCs 8 wt% against Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10708 and Bacillus Subtilis B29.

Table 1 Zone of inhibition introduced by different reported materials against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella choleraesuis.

Bacteria	Material	Inhibition zone (mm)	References
Bacillus Subtilis	chitosan-copper NPs	9-10	[48]
	CuO nanoflakes	6-10	[43]
	hierarchical CuO microspheres	5-8	[49]
	AgNPs	12	[50]
	(ZnO-ZrO2 NCs)	13	[51]
	polyaniline-ZnO-ZrO2 NCs	14	[51]
	CuO-zeolite NCs	17	Present study
Salmonella Choleraesuis	chitosan-copper NPs	9-11	[48]
	ZnO-Ag/CNCs	9.4-12	[52]
	ZnO-Ag	9.1	[52]
	CuO-zeolite NCs	14.5	Present study

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