J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 117: 146-157.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.047
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
L.H. Liua,*(
), W.J. Gaoa, X.S. Huangb, T. Zhangc, Z.Y. Liud, C. Yanga, W.W. Zhanga, W.R. Lic, L. Lic, P.J. Lib,*()
Received:2021-03-30
Revised:2021-11-21
Accepted:2021-11-25
Published:2022-02-16
Online:2022-08-01
Contact:
L.H. Liu,P.J. Li
About author:lipj@tsinghua.edu.cn (P.J. Li).L.H. Liu, W.J. Gao, X.S. Huang, T. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, C. Yang, W.W. Zhang, W.R. Li, L. Li, P.J. Li. Shear-accelerated crystallization of glass-forming metallic liquids in high-pressure die casting[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 117: 146-157.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the entire process vacuum high-pressure die casting equipment, (b) three-dimensional model of the target casting. The thicknesses of the samples are 1, 2, 3, and 1 mm. All plates have a width of 10 mm.
Fig. 2. (a) X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples cast with different shot speeds; (b) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of S1233-1.1-2—the inset is the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the amorphous phase; (c) corresponding high-resolution TEM image in S1233-1.1-2; (d) TEM image of S1233-0.7-2—the inset is the SAED pattern of crystallized phases; (e) high-resolution TEM image of the amorphous matrix in S1233-0.7-2.
| Sample | Tg (K) | Tx (K) | ΔTx (K) | ΔHx (J/g) | ωo (ppm) | fa (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1233-0.7-1 | 680.0 ± 0.2 | 763.0 ± 1.1 | 83.0 ± 1.3 | 48.6 | 1630±134 | 97.2 |
| S1233-0.7-2 | 680.4 ± 0.8 | 761.3 ± 0.7 | 80.9 ± 1.5 | 47.1 | 1700±144 | 94.5 |
| S1233-0.7-3 | 679.3 ± 0.6 | 757.3 ± 0.2 | 78.0 ± 0.8 | 40.2 | 1721±134 | 79.9 |
| S1233-1.1-1 | 677.0 ± 1.2 | 762.0 ± 0.3 | 85.0 ± 1.5 | 49.7 | 1639±176 | 100 |
| S1233-1.1-2 | 677.8 ± 0.4 | 762.3 ± 0.6 | 84.5 ± 1.0 | 49.5 | 1750±188 | 100 |
| S1233-1.1-3 | 678.5 ± 0.8 | 760.8 ± 0.7 | 82.3 ± 1.5 | 45.6 | 1758±256 | 90.6 |
| S1233-1.5-1 | 678.0 ± 1.0 | 761.5 ± 0.4 | 83.5 ± 1.5 | 49.4 | 1700±156 | 100 |
| S1233-1.5-2 | 677.4 ± 0.8 | 761.3 ± 0.5 | 83.9 ± 1.3 | 46.4 | 2000±176 | 94.0 |
| S1233-1.5-3 | 678.0 ± 1.1 | 760.0 ± 0.5 | 82.0 ± 1.3 | 43.5 | 2180±266 | 88.2 |
| S1233-2.3-1 | 678.1 ± 0.9 | 761.1 ± 0.6 | 83.0 ± 1.5 | 47.5 | 1870±156 | 95.4 |
| S1233-2.3-2 | 678.4 ± 1.2 | 760.0 ± 1.1 | 82.6 ± 2.3 | 45.5 | 2215±176 | 91.3 |
| S1233-2.3-3 | 677.1 ± 1.2 | 757.8 ± 1.1 | 80.7 ± 2.3 | 42.4 | 2280±156 | 85.2 |
| SSC | 679.2 ± 0.9 | 762.5 ± 1.3 | 83.3 ± 2.2 | 49.8 | 623±132 | 100 |
Table 1. Glass-transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tx), supercooled liquid region (ΔTx), enthalpy of crystallization (ΔHx), content of oxygen (ωO), and content of amorphous phase (fa) of the Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) samples prepared using different processing parameters. SSC indicates Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 BMG samples with diameters of 3 mm prepared by suction casting.
| Sample | Tg (K) | Tx (K) | ΔTx (K) | ΔHx (J/g) | ωo (ppm) | fa (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1233-0.7-1 | 680.0 ± 0.2 | 763.0 ± 1.1 | 83.0 ± 1.3 | 48.6 | 1630±134 | 97.2 |
| S1233-0.7-2 | 680.4 ± 0.8 | 761.3 ± 0.7 | 80.9 ± 1.5 | 47.1 | 1700±144 | 94.5 |
| S1233-0.7-3 | 679.3 ± 0.6 | 757.3 ± 0.2 | 78.0 ± 0.8 | 40.2 | 1721±134 | 79.9 |
| S1233-1.1-1 | 677.0 ± 1.2 | 762.0 ± 0.3 | 85.0 ± 1.5 | 49.7 | 1639±176 | 100 |
| S1233-1.1-2 | 677.8 ± 0.4 | 762.3 ± 0.6 | 84.5 ± 1.0 | 49.5 | 1750±188 | 100 |
| S1233-1.1-3 | 678.5 ± 0.8 | 760.8 ± 0.7 | 82.3 ± 1.5 | 45.6 | 1758±256 | 90.6 |
| S1233-1.5-1 | 678.0 ± 1.0 | 761.5 ± 0.4 | 83.5 ± 1.5 | 49.4 | 1700±156 | 100 |
| S1233-1.5-2 | 677.4 ± 0.8 | 761.3 ± 0.5 | 83.9 ± 1.3 | 46.4 | 2000±176 | 94.0 |
| S1233-1.5-3 | 678.0 ± 1.1 | 760.0 ± 0.5 | 82.0 ± 1.3 | 43.5 | 2180±266 | 88.2 |
| S1233-2.3-1 | 678.1 ± 0.9 | 761.1 ± 0.6 | 83.0 ± 1.5 | 47.5 | 1870±156 | 95.4 |
| S1233-2.3-2 | 678.4 ± 1.2 | 760.0 ± 1.1 | 82.6 ± 2.3 | 45.5 | 2215±176 | 91.3 |
| S1233-2.3-3 | 677.1 ± 1.2 | 757.8 ± 1.1 | 80.7 ± 2.3 | 42.4 | 2280±156 | 85.2 |
| SSC | 679.2 ± 0.9 | 762.5 ± 1.3 | 83.3 ± 2.2 | 49.8 | 623±132 | 100 |
Fig. 3. (a) Differential scanning calorimetry curves of the specimens with thicknesses of 2 mm cast at different shot speeds. (b) Volume fraction of the amorphous phase of the same specimens.
Fig. 4. X-ray fluoroscopy images of castings prepared with different shot speeds and pore size distributions: (a) and (d) 0.7 m/s, (b) and (e) 1.1 m/s, and (c) and (f) 2.3 m/s. The thickness of the cast bar is 2 mm.
Fig. 5. Flow fields of the Zr55C30Ni5Al10 glass-forming liquid under different shot speeds of the plunger: (a) 0.7, (b) 1.1, (c) 1.5, and (d) 2.3 m/s. The units of the color bar are meters per second.
Fig. 6. Flow rates as a function of time for the glass-forming liquid processed at various shot speeds: (a) 0.7, (b) 1.1, (c) 1.5, and (d) 2.3 m/s. (e) Flow field of the glass-forming liquid at the end stage of the filling process, where the units of the color bar are meters per second. (f) Reynolds number in castings with different thicknesses and prepared by different shot speeds.
Fig. 7. Flow patterns on the surfaces of castings with thicknesses of 2 mm fabricated at different shot speeds: (a) 1.1 and (b) 2.3 m/s; Corresponding illustration on the right is flow patterns in laminar and turbulent flow; (c) Scanning electron micrograph of a typical pore in a casting and the element distribution along the direction away from the edge; (d) DSC curves of the Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 BMG prepared with different processing route.
Fig. 8. (a) Diagram of shear behavior in the glass-forming liquid during the filling process; (b) temperature-dependent critical shear rate for flow-dominated crystallization.
Fig. 9. (a) Flow fields of the glass-forming liquids under different shot speeds, the units of the color bar are meters per second, (b) shear rates of the glass-forming liquid at different positions, (c) relationships between the shear and critical shear rates, and (d) shear-accelerated crystallization regions in a casting.
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