Corrosion behavior of 13Cr stainless steel under stress and crevice in high pressure CO2/O2 environment

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.018

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, through the self-developed setup for in situ electrochemical tests, the corrosion behavior of 13Cr stainless steel under the combined effect of stress and crevice in high pressure CO₂/O₂ environment was investigated. The results show that 13Cr stainless steel presents a self-passivation state. Under the action of stress, the anodic dissolution process of steel inside crevice is expedited. There is a galvanic effect between the stressed steel inside crevice and the unstressed steel outside crevice. The applied stress reduces the induction stage of crevice corrosion and induces a larger galvanic current, i.e., the applied stress promotes the development of crevice corrosion. Meanwhile, adding 0.1 MPa O₂ is conducive to forming a more stable passive film but causes a greater galvanic effect.

Key words: Stainless steel, Crevice corrosion, Stress corrosion, Galvanic effect

G.Y. Zhu, Y.Y. Li, B.S. Hou, Q.H. Zhang, G.A. Zhang. Corrosion behavior of 13Cr stainless steel under stress and crevice in high pressure CO₂/O₂ environment[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 88: 79-89.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig. 1. (a) The stress-strain behavior of 13Cr stainless steel in the air and (b) the geometric dimension of tensile sample used for electrochemical tests.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the in situ electrochemical measurement inside crevice.

Fig. 3. (a) Schematic diagram of galvanic current and coupled potential measurements between the samples inside and outside crevice and (b) setup for in situ electrochemical measurements for 13Cr stainless steel in high pressure CO2/O2 environment.

Fig. 4. Nyquist diagram of 13Cr stainless steel inside crevice in the solution under 4 MPa CO2 for different times.

Fig. 5. Equivalent circuit for EIS fitting of 13Cr stainless steel under different conditions.

Table 1 The fitted electrochemical parameters from the EIS of 13Cr stainless steel in the solution under different conditions.

Condition	Time (h)	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q_dl (Ω^-1 cm^-2 s^-ndl)	n_dl	R_ct (Ω cm²)	Q_f (Ω^-1 cm^-2 s^-nf)	n_f	R_f (Ω cm²)	R_p (Ω cm²)
0 MPa Stress	2	1.13	1.817 × 10^-4	0.79	7510	1.869 × 10^-4	0.91	34,630	42,140
	8	1.11	1.756 × 10^-4	0.80	8599	1.945 × 10^-4	0.92	37,220	45,819
	16	1.11	1.797 × 10^-4	0.80	8241	1.780 × 10^-4	0.92	38,090	46,331
	24	1.14	1.291 × 10^-4	0.83	23,934	3.750 × 10^-4	0.93	34,580	58,514
	48	1.17	1.198 × 10^-4	0.84	33,780	4.460 × 10^-4	0.92	37,129	70,909
200 MPa Stress	48	1.16	2.750 × 10^-4	0.80	3412	1.775 × 10^-3	0.54	3380	6792
300 MPa Stress	48	1.37	2.097 × 10^-3	0.68	2976	9.747 × 10^-3	0.68	1927	4903
0 MPa Stress + 0.1 MPa O₂	48	1.81	1.006 × 10^-4	0.82	71,860	3.026 × 10^-4	0.94	152,340	224,200
200 MPa Stress + 0.1 MPa O₂	48	1.52	1.076 × 10^-3	0.70	1500	2.026 × 10^-3	0.71	7605	9105

Fig. 6. The OCP of 13Cr stainless steel inside crevice in the solution under various stresses and 4 MPa CO2 without or with 0.1 MPa O2.

Fig. 7. Nyquist diagram of 13Cr stainless steel inside crevice in the solution under different conditions.

Fig. 8. The polarization curves of 13Cr stainless steel inside crevice after 48 h of immersion in the solution under various stresses and 4 MPa CO2 without or with 0.1 MPa O2.

Table 2 The parameters of Epit and Ip obtained from the polarization curves.

Condition	E_pit (V vs. Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl))	I_p (A cm^-2)
0 MPa stress	0.2233	2.367 × 10^-6
200 MPa stress	-0.1685	2.692 × 10^-5
300 MPa stress	-0.4927	6.426 × 10^-5
0 MPa stress + 0.1 MPa O₂	0.3292	2.096 × 10^-6
200 MPa stress + 0.1 MPa O₂	-0.2108	3.221 × 10^-6

Fig. 9. Mott-Schottky curves of 13Cr stainless steel in the solution under different stresses and 4 MPa CO2 without or with 0.1 MPa O2.

Table 3 Donor densities of the passive film of 13 Cr stainless steel under different conditions.

Condition	N_d (cm^-3)
0 MPa Stress	6.16 × 10²¹
200 MPa Stress	1.08 × 10²²
200 MPa Stress + 0.1 MPa O₂	3.52 × 10²¹

Fig. 10. Time dependence of galvanic current between the stressed sample inside crevice (WE1) and the unstressed sample outside crevice (WE2) under different conditions.

Fig. 11. The respective potentials and their coupled potential of the stressed sample inside crevice and the unstressed sample outside crevice: (a) 200 MPa stress; (b) 200 MPa stress + 0.1 MPa O2.

Fig. 12. XPS spectra of the stressed sample (200 MPa) inside crevice and the unstressed sample outside crevice after corrosion in the solution with 4 MPa CO2 for 48 h: (a) Fe 2p3/2, (b) Cr 2p3/2, (c) O 1s.

Fig. 13. XPS spectra of the stressed sample (200 MPa) inside crevice and the unstressed sample outside crevice after corrosion in the solution under 4 MPa CO2 with 0.1 MPa O2 for 48 h: (a) Fe 2p3/2, (b) Cr 2p3/2, (c) O 1s.

Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of the crevice corrosion of 13 Cr stainless steel with applied stress at different stages: (a) induction period, (b) rapid development, (c) stable development period.

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Corrosion behavior of 13Cr stainless steel under stress and crevice in high pressure CO₂/O₂ environment

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