J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2020, Vol. 49: 126-132.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.12.025
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Haidong Suna, Yuhui Wanga, Zuohua Wanga, Ning Liub, Yan Penga, Xiujuan Zhaoc, Ruiming Renc, Hongwang Zhanga,*()
Received:
2019-11-09
Accepted:
2019-12-24
Published:
2020-07-15
Online:
2020-07-17
Contact:
Hongwang Zhang
Haidong Sun, Yuhui Wang, Zuohua Wang, Ning Liu, Yan Peng, Xiujuan Zhao, Ruiming Ren, Hongwang Zhang. Twinned substructure in lath martensite of water quenched Fe-0.2 %C and Fe-0.8 %C steels[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 49: 126-132.
Fig. 1. XRD profiles of the starting and quenched Fe-0.2C and Fe-0.8C steel samples. The standard diffraction peaks for several common phases in steels were inserted for comparison.
Fig. 2. Optical micrographs of the starting and the quenched samples. (a, b): Fe-0.2C steel, (c, d): Fe-0.8C steel. Dotted line in (b) encloses martensite packets (indicated by the thick lines) and blocks within a prior austenite grain.
No. | [m]//[A] | Axis(indexed by martensite) | Angle (deg.) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PI (111) A//(011)m | V1 | [- | ||
V2 | [- | [0.5774 -0.5774 0.5774] | 60.00 | |
V3 | [ | [0.0000 -0.7071 -0.7071] | 60.00 | |
V4 | [ | [0.0000 0.7071 0.7071] | 10.53 | |
V5 | [ | [0.0000 0.7071 0.7071] | 60.00 | |
V6 | [ | [0.0000 -0.7071 -0.7071] | 49.47 | |
PII (1-11) A//(011)m | V7 | [ | [-0.5774 -0.5774 0.5774] | 49.47 |
V8 | [ | [0.5774 -0.5774 0.5774] | 10.53 | |
V9 | [- | [-0.1862 0.7666 0.6145] | 50.51 | |
V10 | [- | [-0.4904 -0.4625 0.7387] | 50.51 | |
V11 | [ | [0.3543 -0.9329 -0.0650] | 14.88 | |
V12 | [ | [0.3568 -0.7136 0.6029] | 57.21 | |
PIII (1-11) A//(011)m | V13 | [ | [0.9329 0.3543 -0.0650] | 14.88 |
V14 | [ | [-0.7387 0.4625 -0.4904] | 50.51 | |
V15 | [- | [-0.2461 -0.6278 -0.7384] | 57.21 | |
V16 | [- | [0.6589 0.6589 0.3628] | 20.61 | |
V17 | [ | [-0.6589 0.3628 -0.6589] | 60.00 | |
V18 | [ | [-0.3022 -0.6255 -0.7193] | 47.11 | |
PIV (1-11) A//(011)m | V19 | [- | [-0.6145 0.1862 -0.7666] | 50.51 |
V20 | [- | [-0.3568 -0.6029 -0.7136] | 57.21 | |
V21 | [ | [0.9551 0.0000 -0.2962] | 20.61 | |
V22 | [ | [-0.7193 0.3022 -0.6255] | 47.11 | |
V23 | [ | [-0.7384 -0.2461 0.6278] | 57.21 | |
V24 | [ | [0.9121 0.4100 0.0000] | 21.06 |
Table 1 24 martensitic variants in the K-S orientation relationship and the misorientation axis/angle between V1 and the rest variants [3,20].
No. | [m]//[A] | Axis(indexed by martensite) | Angle (deg.) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PI (111) A//(011)m | V1 | [- | ||
V2 | [- | [0.5774 -0.5774 0.5774] | 60.00 | |
V3 | [ | [0.0000 -0.7071 -0.7071] | 60.00 | |
V4 | [ | [0.0000 0.7071 0.7071] | 10.53 | |
V5 | [ | [0.0000 0.7071 0.7071] | 60.00 | |
V6 | [ | [0.0000 -0.7071 -0.7071] | 49.47 | |
PII (1-11) A//(011)m | V7 | [ | [-0.5774 -0.5774 0.5774] | 49.47 |
V8 | [ | [0.5774 -0.5774 0.5774] | 10.53 | |
V9 | [- | [-0.1862 0.7666 0.6145] | 50.51 | |
V10 | [- | [-0.4904 -0.4625 0.7387] | 50.51 | |
V11 | [ | [0.3543 -0.9329 -0.0650] | 14.88 | |
V12 | [ | [0.3568 -0.7136 0.6029] | 57.21 | |
PIII (1-11) A//(011)m | V13 | [ | [0.9329 0.3543 -0.0650] | 14.88 |
V14 | [ | [-0.7387 0.4625 -0.4904] | 50.51 | |
V15 | [- | [-0.2461 -0.6278 -0.7384] | 57.21 | |
V16 | [- | [0.6589 0.6589 0.3628] | 20.61 | |
V17 | [ | [-0.6589 0.3628 -0.6589] | 60.00 | |
V18 | [ | [-0.3022 -0.6255 -0.7193] | 47.11 | |
PIV (1-11) A//(011)m | V19 | [- | [-0.6145 0.1862 -0.7666] | 50.51 |
V20 | [- | [-0.3568 -0.6029 -0.7136] | 57.21 | |
V21 | [ | [0.9551 0.0000 -0.2962] | 20.61 | |
V22 | [ | [-0.7193 0.3022 -0.6255] | 47.11 | |
V23 | [ | [-0.7384 -0.2461 0.6278] | 57.21 | |
V24 | [ | [0.9121 0.4100 0.0000] | 21.06 |
Group | Var. Pair | Axis/angle pair (r/θ) |
---|---|---|
Twin-related | V1-V2; V3-V4; V5-V6; | [0.57735 -0.57735 0.57735]/60° |
Bain group | V1-V4; V2-V5; V3-V6; | [0 0.70711 0.70711]/10.53° |
Others | V1-V3; V2-V4; V4-V6 ; V5-V1; V3-V5; V6-V2 | [0 0.70711 0.70711]/60° |
V1-V6; V3-V2; V5-V4 | [0 0.70711 0.70711]/49.47° |
Table 2 Variant combinations among V1 to V6 following K-S relationship [3,20].
Group | Var. Pair | Axis/angle pair (r/θ) |
---|---|---|
Twin-related | V1-V2; V3-V4; V5-V6; | [0.57735 -0.57735 0.57735]/60° |
Bain group | V1-V4; V2-V5; V3-V6; | [0 0.70711 0.70711]/10.53° |
Others | V1-V3; V2-V4; V4-V6 ; V5-V1; V3-V5; V6-V2 | [0 0.70711 0.70711]/60° |
V1-V6; V3-V2; V5-V4 | [0 0.70711 0.70711]/49.47° |
Fig. 3. EBSD characterizations of the lath martensite in Fe-0.2C (a, b) and Fe-0.8C (c, d, e) steel samples. In the inverse pole figure (IPF) images (a, c), twin-related variant groups like V1-V2, V3-V4, V5-V6 were marked by red rectangle and arrows, while Bain groups, i.e. V1-V4, V2-V5, V3-V6 were marked by black rectangle and arrows. {001} pole figures in b and d show the experimental (black dots) and calculated (red triangles) orientation distribution according to K-S relationship. Histograms (e) show the experimental and theoretical misorientation distribution between 24 variants following K—S relationship. See text for detailed information.
Fig. 4. TEM characterization of the lath martensite induced in Fe-0.2C steel (a-c) and Fe-0.8C steel (d-f). Dashed circles in TEM image (a, d) indicate the areas where SAED patterns of (b, c) and (e, f), respectively, were obtained. As the sample was tilted with [$\bar{1}$10] and [$\bar{1}$11], respectively, parallel with the electron beam, circled laths in (a, d) give rise to mirror symmetric diffraction patterns and extra diffraction spots. See text for detail.
Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of the primary and double diffraction of bcc {112}<111> twin (a, c) and twinned variants (b, d) as the incident electron beam is parallel with [$\bar{1}$10]. The potential extra positions by double diffraction were marked by red “×” in (c) and red solid circles in (d).
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