J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 491-498.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.10.021
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
M.P. Milesa*(), T.W. Nelsona, C. Guntera, F.C. Liua, L. Fourmentb, T. Mathisa
Received:
2018-05-01
Revised:
2018-08-14
Accepted:
2018-08-18
Online:
2019-04-05
Published:
2019-01-28
Contact:
Miles M.P.
M.P. Miles, T.W. Nelson, C. Gunter, F.C. Liu, L. Fourment, T. Mathis. Predicting recrystallized grain size in friction stir processed 304L stainless steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(4): 491-498.
C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | N | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 18-20 | 8-12 | 0.10 | Balance |
Table 1 Composition of 304L stainless steel (wt%).
C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | N | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 18-20 | 8-12 | 0.10 | Balance |
Tool | 304L plate | Backing plate | |
---|---|---|---|
Density | 3.12e-06 g/mm3 | 7.85e-06 g/mm3 | 7.85e-06 g/mm3 |
Heat Capacity | 1.97e + 09 mm2/s2-K | 7.78e + 08 mm2/s2-K | 7.78e + 08 mm2/s2-K |
Conductivity | 1.3e + 05 W/mm2.K | 28000 W/mm2.K | 59000 W/mm2.K |
Table 2 Data for thermal computation in FSP model.
Tool | 304L plate | Backing plate | |
---|---|---|---|
Density | 3.12e-06 g/mm3 | 7.85e-06 g/mm3 | 7.85e-06 g/mm3 |
Heat Capacity | 1.97e + 09 mm2/s2-K | 7.78e + 08 mm2/s2-K | 7.78e + 08 mm2/s2-K |
Conductivity | 1.3e + 05 W/mm2.K | 28000 W/mm2.K | 59000 W/mm2.K |
Fig. 7. Comparison of predicted and experimentally (dotted line) measured temperatures at steady state. Friction coefficients of 0.125 and 0.15 provided the best predictions.
Fig. 8. Comparison of experimental and simulated temperatures taken from thermocouples and the FEA model respectively. Distances from the weld centerline are (a) 7 mm, (b) 9 mm, and (c) 11 mm.
Fig. 9. Schematic showing three locations behind tool where grain sizes where measured after processing experiment. Each location was 800 μm behind the pin hole and 2 mm beneath the welding surface. Locations 1 and 3 were both at a 30° angle from the horizontal.
Position | Predicted temperature(°C) | Predicted strain rate (s-1) | Predicted grain size (μm) | Measured grain size (μm) | Error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 894 | 0.67 | 8.0 | 6.4 | 25 |
2 | 856 | 0.10 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 39 |
3 | 864 | 0.37 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 27 |
Table 3 Model predictions of grain size versus experiment.
Position | Predicted temperature(°C) | Predicted strain rate (s-1) | Predicted grain size (μm) | Measured grain size (μm) | Error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 894 | 0.67 | 8.0 | 6.4 | 25 |
2 | 856 | 0.10 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 39 |
3 | 864 | 0.37 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 27 |
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