Effect of Surface Roughness on Laser Induced Nonlinear Optical Properties of Annealed ZnO Thin Films

Abstract

Abstract: Variation of nonlinear optical properties with surface roughness of ZnO thin films deposited on corning glass substrates at different annealing temperature (TA) was reported. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR transmission and single beam z-scan technique using second harmonics of Nd:YAG laser. Surface morphology of the samples was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface roughness was found minimum (8.4 nm) for ZnO sample annealed at 450 °C. The nonlinear optical properties (NLO) were found to be dependent on surface roughness and the highest value of third order nonlinear susceptibility (χ³⁾=4.3×10^-7 esu) was obtained for ZnO at TA 450 °C.

Key words: ZnO films, Sol-gel, Annealing temperature, Nonlinear optical properties, Third order nonlinear susceptibility, z-scan

Vinay Kumari, Vinod Kumar, Devendra Mohan, Purnima, B.P. Malik, R.M. Mehra . Effect of Surface Roughness on Laser Induced Nonlinear Optical Properties of Annealed ZnO Thin Films[J]. J Mater Sci Technol, 2012, 28(6): 506-511.

References

[1 ] H. Long, A. Chen, G. Yang, Y. Li and P. Lu: Thin Solid Films, 2006, 517, 5601.

[[2 ] J.B. Yoo, A.L. Fahrenbruch and R.H. Bube: J. Appl. Phys., 1990, 68, 4694.

[3 ] S. Major, S. Kumar, M. Bhatnagar and K.L. Chopra: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1986, 49, 394.

[4 ] D.C. Look, D.C. Reynolds, J.R. Sizelove, R.L. Jpnes, C.W. Litton, G. Cantwell and W.C. Harch: Solid State Commun., 1998, 105, 399.

[5 ] D.F. Liu, D.S. Tang, L.J. Ci, X.Q. Yan, Y.X. Liang, Z.P. Zhou, H.J. Yuan, W.Y. Zhou and G.Wang: Chin. Phys. Lett., 2003, 20, 928.

[6 ] Q. Wen, Q.H. Li, Y.J. Chen, T.H. Wang, X.L. He, J.P. Li and C.L. Lin: Appl. Phys. Lett., 2004, 84, 3654.

[7 ] C.M. Lampert: Sol. Energy Mater., 1981, 6, 1.

[8 ] L. Irimpan, A. Deepthy, B. Krishnan, V.P.N. Nampoori and P. Radhakrishnan: J. Appl. Phys., 2007, 102, 063524.

[9 ] Z. Sofiani, A.M. Lamraoui, B. Derkowska, R. Adhiri, L. Dghoughi, N. Fellali, M. Addou, W. Bala and B. Sahraoui: J. Appl. Phys., 2007, 101, 063104.

[10] Z. So¯ani, S. Dabos-Seignon, B. Derkowska, P. Dalasinski, M.Wojdyla, A.M. Lamraoui, L. Dghoughi, M. Addou, W. Bala and B. Sahraoui: Opt. Commun., 2006, 267(2), 433.

[11] U. Neumann, R. Grunwald, U. Griebner, G. Steinmeyer and W. Seeber: Appl. Phys. Lett., 2004, 84, 170.

[12] L. Irimpan, A. Deepthy, B. Krishnan, L.M. Kukreja, V.P.N. Nampoori and P. Radhakrishnan: Opt. Commun., 2008, 281, 2938.

[13] L. Irimpan, V.P.N. Nampoori and P. Radhakrishnan: J. Appl. Phys., 2008, 103, 094914.

[14] T. Ning, Y. Zhou, H. Shen, H. Lu, Z. Sun, L. Cao, D. Guan, D. Zhang and G. Yang: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, 254, 1900.

[15] P. Nunes, E. Fortunato and R. Martins: Int. J. Inorg. Matter., 2001, 31, 125.

[16] H.W. Liang, Y.M. Lu, D.Z. Shen, Y.C. Liu, J.F. Yan, C.X. Shan, B.H. Li, Z.Z. Zhang, J.Y. Zhang and X.W. Fan: Phys. Status Solidi (a), 2005, 202, 1060.

[17] Y. Kashiwaba, F. Katahira, K. Haga, T. Sekiguchi and H. Watanabe: J. Cryst. Growth, 2003, 221, 431.

[18] X.W. Sun, R.F. Xaio and H.S. Kwok: J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 84, 5776.

[19] Y. Natsume and H. Sakata: Thin Solid Films, 2000, 372, 30.

[20] G.I. Petrov, V. Shcheslavskiy, V.V. Yakovlev, I. Ozerov, E. Chelnokov and W. Marine: Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, 83, 19.

[21] W. Zhang, H. Wang, K.S. Wong, Z.K. Tang and G.K.L. Wong: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 75, 3321.

[22] W.L. Zhang, Q.Y. Wang, L. Chai, Q.R. Xing, K.S. Wong, H.Wang, Z.K. Tang, G.K.L.Wong and R. Jain: Chin. Phys. Lett., 1999, 16, 418.

[23] M. Sheik-Bahae, A.A. Said, T.H. Wei, D.J. Hagan and E.W. van Stryland: IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1990, 26, 760.

[24] P. Sagar, P.K. Shishodia and R.M. Mehra: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, 253, 5419.

[25] R. Kaur, A.V. Singh and R.M. Mehra: Phys. Status Solidi (a), 2005, 202, 1053.

[26] R. Kumar, N. Khare, V. Kumar and G.L. Bhalla: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, 254, 6509.

[27] V. Kumar, R.G. Singh, L.P. Purohit and R.M. Mehra: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27(6), 481.

[28] M. Ohring: Material Science of Thin Films: Deposition and Structure, 2nd edn, Academic, San Diego, 2001, 386{400.

[29] R. Sharma, K. Sehrawat, A. Wakahara and R.M. Mehra: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, 5781.

[30] X. Zhang, H. Fang, S. Tang and W. Ji: Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., 1997, 65, 549.

[31] F.M. Quereshi, S.J. Martin, X. Long, D.D.C. Bradley, F.Z. Heneri, W.J. Balu, E.C. Smith, C.H. Wang, A.K. Kar and H.L. Anderson: Chem. Phys., 1998, 231, 87.

[32] K. Bahedi, M. Addou, M. El Jouad, Z. Sofiani, M. Alaoui Lamrani, T. El Habbani, N. Fellah, S. Bayoud, L. Dghoughi, B. Sahraoui and Z. Essaidi: Appl. Surf.Sci., 2009, 255, 4693.

[1]	Minghe Fang, Xuhai Xiong, Yabin Hao, Tengxin Zhang, Han Wang, Hui-Ming Cheng, You Zeng. Preparation of highly conductive graphene-coated glass fibers by sol-gel and dip-coating method [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(9): 1989-1995.
[2]	Shuan Li, Yanqing Wu, Guoling Li, Hongen Yu, Kai Fu, Yong Wu, Jie Zhang, Wenhuai Tian, Xingguo Li. Ta-doped modified Gd₂O₃ film for a novel high k gate dielectric [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(10): 2305-2311.
[3]	Zalak Joshi, Davit Dhruv, K.N. Rathod, J.H. Markna, A. Satyaprasad, A.D. Joshi, P.S. Solanki, N.A. Shah. Size effects on electrical properties of sol-gel grown chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(3): 488-495.
[4]	Xiaoqi Meng, Changjiang Zhao, Boxu Xu, Pei Wang, Juncheng Liu. Effects of the annealing temperature on the structure and up-conversion photoluminescence of ZnO film [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(12): 2392-2397.
[5]	Kim Hyegyeong, Kim JiWoong, Lee Dooyong, Lee Won-Jae, Bae Jong-Seong, Lee Jaekwang, Park Sungkyun. Spectroscopic Understanding of Structural and Electrical Property Variations in Dopant-Free ZnO Films [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(6): 523-526.
[6]	Opra Denis P., Gnedenkov Sergey V., Sinebryukhov Sergey L., Voit Elena I., Sokolov AlexanderA., Modin Evgeny B., Podgorbunsky Anatoly B., Sushkov Yury V., Zheleznov Veniamin V.. Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Nanostructured Zr-Doped Anatase TiO₂ Tubes Synthesized by Sol-Gel Template Route [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(6): 527-534.
[7]	Haifa Zhai, Jizhou Kong, Jien Yang, Jing Xu, Qingran Xu, Hongchen Sun, Aidong Li, Di Wu. Resistive Switching Properties and Failure Behaviors of (Pt, Cu)/Amorphous ZrO₂/Pt Sandwich Structures [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(7): 676-680.
[8]	Mahbubur Rahman M.,Jiang Zhong-Tao,Yin Chun-Yang,Siang Chuah Lee,Lee Hooi-Ling,Amri Amun,Goh Bee-Min,J. Wood Barry,Creagh Chris,Mondinos Nicholas,Altarawneh Mohmmednoor,Z. Dlugogorski Bogdan. Structural Thermal Stability of Graphene Oxide-Doped Copper-Cobalt Oxide Coatings as a Solar Selective Surface [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(11): 1179-1191.
[9]	Jiyan Liang, Cong Geng, Dan Li, Li Cui, Xin Wang. Preparation and Degradation Phenol Characterization of Ti/SnO₂-Sb-Mo Electrode Doped with Different Contents of Molybdenum [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2015, 31(5): 473-478.
[10]	Dezeng Li, Zhanqiang Liu, Yaoming Wang, Yongkui Shan, Fuqiang Huang. Efficiency Enhancement of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Solar Cells by Applying SiO₂-PEG/PVP Antireflection Coatings [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2015, 31(2): 229-234.
[11]	Rajendran Babhu Vignesh, Thomas Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel Edison, Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman. Sol-Gel Coating with 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane as Precursor for Corrosion Protection of Aluminium Metal [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2014, 30(8): 814-820.
[12]	M. Messaoud, E. Chadeau, P. Chaudou?t, N. Oulahal, M. Langlet. Quaternary Ammonium-based Composite Particles for Antibacterial Finishing of Cotton-based Textiles [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2014, 30(1): 19-29.
[13]	Chuanyue Hu, Jun Guo, Jin Wen, Yangxi Peng. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Co₃O₄Anode Materials from Spent Li-Ion Batteries for Lithium-Ion Batteries [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2013, 29(3): 215-220.
[14]	Sebastian Wiegand, Stefan Flege, Olaf Baake, Wolfgang Ensinger. Effect of Different Calcination Temperatures and Post Annealing on the Properties of Acetic Acid Based Sol-Gel (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃(NKN) Thin Films [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2013, 29(2): 142-148.
[15]	Huanping Wang, Qinghua Yang, Denghao Li, Lihui Huang, Shilong Zhao, Shiqing Xu. Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of MgTiO₃ Ceramics Doped with B₂O₃ by Sol-Gel Method [J]. J Mater Sci Technol, 2012, 28(8): 751-755.