Recent advances of amorphous-phase-engineered metal-based catalysts for boosted electrocatalysis

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.03.021

Abstract

Abstract:

Amorphous metal-based catalysts (AMCs) have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology, manipulated electronic structures, enriched defects, and unsaturated surface atom coordination. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the amorphous phase in metal-based catalysts is so far impractical, and thus their electrocatalytic mechanism yet remains ambiguous. In this review, the latest advances in AMCs are systematically reviewed, covering amorphous-phase engineering strategy, structure manipulation, and amorphization of various material categories for electrocatalysis. Specifically, a series of applications of AMCs in electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are summarized based on the classification criteria of substances. Finally, we put forward current challenges that have not yet been clarified in the field of AMCs, and propose possible solutions, particularly from the perspective of the evolution of electron microscopy. It is expected to promote the understanding of the amorphization-catalysis relationship and provide a guideline for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.

Key words: Amorphous metal-based catalysts, Electrocatalysis, Electron microscopy, Interface engineering, Surface engineering, Defect engineering, Strain engineering

Jiakang Tian, Yongqing Shen, Peizhi Liu, Haixia Zhang, Bingshe Xu, Yanhui Song, Jianguo Liang, Junjie Guo. Recent advances of amorphous-phase-engineered metal-based catalysts for boosted electrocatalysis[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 127: 1-18.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for strategies to improve the electrocatalytic property of AMCs.

Table 1. Summary of electrocatalysis and device performances for bifunctional AMCs in nearly five years (N/A denotes not available).

Catalyst	Electrocatalysis performances				Empty Cell	Device performances		Year ^[Ref.]
Empty Cell	Reaction	Electrolyte	Overpotential/E_1/2(η vs RHE)	Tafel slope(mV dec⁻¹)	Empty Cell	Zn-air battery	Water splitting	Empty Cell
Empty Cell	Reaction	Electrolyte	Overpotential/E_1/2(η vs RHE)	Tafel slope(mV dec⁻¹)	Empty Cell	Open circuit potential	Cell voltage	Empty Cell
NiFeO@MnO_x	OER ORR	0.1 M KOH	1.54 V @5 mA cm⁻² 0.81 V	37 N/A		1.32 V	N/A	2017^[29]
rGO/CB/Co-Bi	OER ORR	0.1 M KOH	1.58 V @10mA cm⁻² 0.70 V	95.5 69.2		1.35 V	N/A	2018^[30]
FeCo-DHO/NCNTs	OER ORR	1.0 M KOH	1.55 V @10 mA cm⁻² 0.86 V	55 36		1.48 V	N/A	2018^[31]
CVN/CC	OER HER	1.0 M KOH	263 mV @10 mA cm⁻² 118 mV @10 mA cm⁻²	64.1 73.6		N/A	1.64 V @10 mA cm⁻²	2019^[32]
(Ni, Fe)S₂@MoS₂	OER HER	1.0 M KOH	270 mV @10 mA cm⁻² 130 mV @10 mA cm⁻²	43.21 101.22		N/A	1.56 V @10 mA cm⁻²	2019^[33]
Co₃(OH)₂(HPO₄)₂	OER HER	1.0 M KOH	182 mV @10 mA cm⁻² 82 mV @10 mA cm⁻²	69 91		N/A	1.68 V @10 mA cm⁻²	2019^[34]
MoO₃/Ni-NiO	OER HER	1.0 M KOH	347 mV @100 mA cm⁻² 62 mV @10 mA cm⁻²	60 59		N/A	1.55 V @10 mA cm⁻²	2020^[35]
Ni/NiFeMoO_x/NF	OER HER	1.0 M KOH	255 mV @10 mA cm⁻² 22 mV @10 mA cm⁻²	35 76		N/A	1.50 V @10 mA cm⁻²	2020^[36]
a-MnO_x/TiC	OER ORR	0.1 M KOH	1.56 V @10mA cm⁻² 0.80 V	110 72		1.356 V	N/A	2020^[37]
NiCo₂O₄ @NiCoFe-OH	OER ORR	1.0 M KOH 0.1 M KOH	232 mV @10mA cm⁻² 0.77 V	65.7 N/A		1.42 V	N/A	2020^[38]
NCFPO-350	OER ORR	1.0 M KOH	278 mV @10mA cm⁻² 0.74 V	58.92 77		1.36 V	N/A	2021^[39]
ODAC-CoO-30	OER ORR	0.1 M KOH	1.594 V @10mA cm⁻² 0.849 V	73.2 68.6		1.45 V	N/A	2021^[40]

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation process, (b) HRTEM and the corresponding SAED images, and (c) the electrochemical performance comparison of the nanosponge-like PdPtCuNiP HEMG. (Ref. [66] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH); (d) HRTEM and the corresponding SAED images, (e) XRD spectra, and (f, g) the electrochemical performance comparison of etched NiFeCoMnAl. (Ref. [67] Copyright 2021, Elsevier); (h, i) HAADF-STEM images with accompanying high-resolution EDX and SAED images and (j) the electrochemical performance comparison of a CoFeNiLaPt HEMG-NP. (Ref. [55] Copyright 2019, Springer Nature).

Fig. 3. (a) High-magnification TEM images, (b) HRTEM images with associated FFT, and (c) XRD pattern of RuCu NSs. (Ref. [69] Copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH); (d) TEM images, (e) the corresponding SAED pattern, and (f) LSV plots of aMOF-NC. (Ref. [70] Copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH); (g) TEM image, (h) HRTEM image and (i) XRD pattern of SNiFe0.5Sn-A. (Ref. [71]).

Fig. 4. HRTEM image of (a) NiMoP2-Ni2P/CC (Ref. [78] Copyright 2021, Elsevier), (b) (NixFe1-x)2P (Ref. [79] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society), and (c) Ag/NCMO/NF (Ref. [80] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH). (d-f) HRTEM and (g) aberration-corrected STEM images about the different ratios of amorphous PtOx and crystalline Pt in Pt/α-PtOx/WO3 synthesized in different temperatures and (d1-g2) the corresponding FFT patterns. (Ref. [81] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH).

Fig. 5. (a) Diagram of the preparation and electrocatalytic pathway, (b-d) morphological characteristics of NixFe1-x-AHNA catalysts. (Ref. [82] Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry). (e) Illustration of the preparation and (f) HRTEM image of the hierarchical Ni-FeP/TiN/CC electrocatalyst. Symbol A shows the amorphous TiN surface. (Ref. [83] Copyright 2018, Elsevier).

Fig. 6. (a, b) HRTEM of PtPb/C nanoplate irradiated with the ion fluence of 2 × 1016 ions cm2 (PtPb/C irra-2). (c, d) ORR performance characterization of PtPb/C. (e) The structural variation of PtPb nanoplates. (Ref. [85] Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH). (f) HRTEM image with SAED pattern and (g) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image and (h) STEM with element mapping images of S-CoP. (i, j) HER performance characterization of S-CoP. (Ref. [86] Copyright 2020, Elsevier).

Fig. 7. (a) HRTEM image, (b, c) HER property characterization, and (d) schematic mechanisms of N-Pd/A-Co(II). (Ref. [90] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH). (e) Bright-field TEM image with the SAED pattern, (f) XRD pattern of Co2B-500, and (g) EXAFS spectra of Co2B, Co2B-500 and references Co foil (black) and CoO (gray). (Ref. [91] Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH).

Fig. 8. (a) Schematic diagram illustrating preparation of Ir25Ni33Ta42 MG film on Si substrates. (b) HRTEM image with the corresponding SAED pattern of Ir25Ni33Ta42 MG film. (c) Polarization curves and (d) Tafel slopes for Ir25Ni33Ta42/Si, Ir/Si, and Pt/Si electrodes. (Ref. [100] Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH).

Fig. 9. (a) TEM image and the corresponding SAED pattern of Pd NPs-Bis-24h. HRTEM images of (b) Pd NP-OAm, (c) Pd NP-Bis-1h, and (d) Pd NP-Bis-24h. (e) XRD patterns and (f) polarization curves of Pd NP catalysts. (Ref. [101] Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH). (g) HRTEM image and structural model of a-PdCu NW. (h) Electrochemical performance of a-PdCu NW. (Ref. [102] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society). (i) HAADF-STEM image, (j) HRTEM image and (k, l) the corresponding FFT patterns of the selected areas in (j) of porous Pd metallene. (Ref. [103] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH).

Fig. 10. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation process, (b) TEM image with the corresponding SAED pattern, (c) HRTEM, and (d) OER performance of a-NiFeMo oxides. (Ref. [107] Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH). (e) Schematic illustration of the top-down strategy. (f) TEM image and the corresponding SAED pattern of a-LNF(t-d). (g) OER performance of a-LNF(t-d). (Ref. [109] Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH).

Fig. 11. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation process, (b) TEM image, (c) the corresponding SEAD pattern, (d) HRTEM image, (e, f) HER property of A-NiCo LDH/NF. (Ref. [120] Copyright 2020, Elsevier). (g) TEM image and (h) HRTEM image with (i, j) the corresponding FFT patterns of the selected areas in (h) of CoV-Fe0.28 sample. (k, l) HER performance of CoV-Fe. (Ref. [121] Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH).

Fig. 12. (a) Schematic illustration for preparing a-Ni(OH)2 and a-NixFey(OH)2 for boosted OER electrocatalysis. (b) TEM, SEM image, (c) The corresponding SAED pattern of a-Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2. (d) HRTEM image and the pore-size distribution curve (inset) of a-Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2. HAADF-STEM images of (e) a-Ni(OH)2 and (f) a-Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2. (Ref. [122] Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry). (g) Schematic diagram of the preparation of V-CoFe LDH and V-Ce/CoFe LDH. (h) HRTEM image of V-Ce/CoFe LDH. (Ref. [123] Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry).

Fig. 15. (a) TEM and (b) HRTEM images of 2D amorphous Fe-InPO4 triangular NSs. Insets of (a) and (b) are SAED pattern and FFT pattern, respectively. (c, d) OER performance of 2D amorphous Fe-InPO4. (Ref. [147] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society).

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