Enhanced thermoelectric performance of n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 via a simple liquid-assisted shear exfoliation

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.019

Abstract

Abstract:

A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 and the effects on microstructure and anisotropic transport properties were investigated. Results revealed an effective reduction of average grain size due to LASE and a high texturing in the bulks. Moreover, along the in-plane direction, electrical conductivity was increased noticeably due to an enhanced carrier concentration, leading to a significantly improved power factor of 25 μW cm^-1 K^-2 at 303 K. Meanwhile, the total thermal conductivity was reduced effectively owing to reduction both in lattice component due to enhanced phonon scattering with the grain size reduction, and in the bipolar component inhibited by the increased carrier concentration. Ultimately, a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.83 was obtained at 448 K along the in-plane direction, increased by 95% compared with the pristine one. These results demonstrate the LASE process as a useful assistant method for enhancing the TE performance of layered materials.

Key words: Bi2Te_2.7Se_0.3, Liquid-assisted shear exfoliation, Textured microstructure, Thermoelectric

Yifeng Wang, Yilin Song, Kaikai Song, Lin Pan, Changchun Chen, Kunihito Koumoto, Qingfeng Liu. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of n-type Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 via a simple liquid-assisted shear exfoliation[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 117: 251-258.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. (a) Illustration of the hexagonal crystal structure of Bi2Te3. (b) Diagram of the experimental process for the LASE-SPS approach of Bi2Te3, through which highly-oriented fine-grained bulks can be fabricated by restacking of exfoliated grains. The inset illustrates the dissociation of terminal Te atoms and the formation of Te vacancies on the fracture along the vdW gaps.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of (a) the pristine and LASE powders, (b) the bulk samples in the in- and cross-plane directions, and (c) an enlarged local view of Te impurity in (b). The circles indicate the (015) peak of the Bi2Se3 phase (PDF#85-0519) and the triangles represent the (100) and (101) peaks of the Te phase (PDF#36-1452).

Fig. 3. (a) Plot of the particle size distribution for the pristine and LASE powders, (b) SEM image of the fracture surface for the pristine bulks, (c) an enlarged view of the local area in the dashed frame in (b), (d) SEM image of LASE sample's fracture surface. The white arrows inside indicate the press direction in the SPS process.

Fig. 4. Electrical properties of pristine and LASE Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 samples along the in- and cross-plane directions from 303 K to 573 K, including (a) electrical conductivity, (b) Seebeck coefficient, (c) anisotropy ratios of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, and (d) power factor. The insets in (a), (b), and (d) display the ratio of each parameter of the LASE sample to that of the pristine one in the studied temperature range.

Table 1. The Lotgering factor LF, carrier concentration n, carrier mobility μ, effective mass m* (mo), relaxation time τ, and density ρ for both pristine and LASE samples along the in-plane direction at room temperature.

Sample	LF	n (10¹⁹ cm^-3)	μ (cm² V^-1 s^-1)	m* (m_o)	τ (fs)	ρ (g cm^-3)
Pristine	0.24	7.5	108.0	1.24	76	7.58
LASE	0.28	9.4	104.9	1.23	73	7.56

Fig. 5. (a) Total thermal conductivity, (b) electronic thermal conductivity and Lorenz number (in the inset), and (c) lattice and bipolar thermal conductivity and the anisotropy ratio (in the inset) of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 pristine and LASE samples along the in-plane and cross-plane directions from 303 K to 573 K.

Fig. 6. (a) Temperature dependence of ZT for all samples both in the in-plane and cross-plane directions. (b) Maximal ZT values of our samples in comparison with some representative reference data [[32], [33], [34], [35], [36]] in recent years.

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Enhanced thermoelectric performance of n-type Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 via a simple liquid-assisted shear exfoliation

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