J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 89: 1-15.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.015
Diao-Feng Lia,b, Ya-Long Yanga,b, Yong Shena, Jian Xua,*()
Received:
2020-12-14
Revised:
2021-02-01
Accepted:
2021-02-02
Published:
2021-10-30
Online:
2021-10-30
Contact:
Jian Xu
About author:
*E-mail address: jianxu@imr.ac.cn (J. Xu).Diao-Feng Li, Ya-Long Yang, Yong Shen, Jian Xu. Bending fatigue behavior of thin Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 bulk metallic glass beams for compliant mechanisms application[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 89: 1-15.
Fig. 1. (a) Stress-life plot of ZT1 beams with thicknesses of 500 μm and 100 μm under 3PB, together with the curve (dash line) measured with 4PB in Ref. [15] for comparison. (b) Zoom-in figure in Nf range from 103 to 105, showing fatigue data in finite life region. The lower-bound and upper-bound S-N curves were fitted by the minimum and maximum Nf at several typical σa. The inset is a plot of ratios of maximum fatigue life (Nmax) to minimum fatigue life (Nmin) against σa, showing an increased scatter of fatigue life with reducing the σa.
Specimen thickness, t | S-N curve | Slope, A | Intercept, B | R-square |
---|---|---|---|---|
500 μm | Average | -0.22 | 3.65 | 0.98 |
Low-bound | -0.29 | 3.88 | 0.99 | |
100 μm | Average | -0.23 | 3.82 | 0.93 |
Low-bound | -0.33 | 4.03 | 0.99 | |
3 mm [ | Average | -0.36 | 4.17 | 0.98 |
Table 1 Fitted coefficients of different fitted S-N curves in finite life regions with Eq. (1) for ZT1 BMG beams with different thickness, including A, B and R-square.
Specimen thickness, t | S-N curve | Slope, A | Intercept, B | R-square |
---|---|---|---|---|
500 μm | Average | -0.22 | 3.65 | 0.98 |
Low-bound | -0.29 | 3.88 | 0.99 | |
100 μm | Average | -0.23 | 3.82 | 0.93 |
Low-bound | -0.33 | 4.03 | 0.99 | |
3 mm [ | Average | -0.36 | 4.17 | 0.98 |
Fig. 2. (a) 3D image of the X-ray computed tomography of a ZT1 specimen with thickness of 500 μm tested at high stress amplitude of 682 MPa after 4729 cycles. (b) SEM micrograph of crack growth path on the side surface of this specimen. (c) Zoon-in image of the area boxed in (b).
Fig. 3. SEM micrographs of fatigue fractography of the specimen that illustrated in Fig. 2 after refatigue. (a) Overall fatigue fractography, showing four distinct regions, including two crack initiation sites region (I), stable crack growth region (II), refatigue region (III) and unstable region (IV). (b) and (d) are the zoom-in images around two crack initiation sites in (a). (c), (e) and (f) are the zoom-in images of the boxed regions marked A, B and C, respectively in (a). (g) is the zoom-in image of the boxed region in (f).
Fig. 4. (a) Typical SEM micrograph showing the characteristics of crack growth path on the side surface of a ZT1 specimen with thickness of 500 μm at low stress amplitude of 500 MPa. (b) Zoom-in image of the boxed region in (a).
Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of fatigue fractography of a ZT1 specimen with thickness of 500 μm at low stress amplitude of 500 MPa after 24,506 cycles. (a) Overall fatigue fractography, showing three distinct regions, including crack initiation site region (I), stable crack growth region (II) and unstable region (III). (b) is the zoom-in image of the boxed region marked A in (a). (c) and (d) are the zoom-in images of the boxed regions marked A1 and A2 in (b). (e) is the zoom-in image of the boxed region in (d). (f) and (g) are the zoom-in images of the boxed regions marked B and C in (a).
Fig. 6. (a) Laser optical micrograph (LOM) for the tensile stress surface of a ZT1 specimen with thickness of 500 μm tested at high stress amplitude of 682 MPa at about 2000 cycles. (b) and (c) are the 3D LOM images showing the geometrical configurations of a microvoid, which is the crack initiation source. The fatigue life of this specimen is 4765 cycles eventually.
Fig. 7. (a) Laser optical micrograph (LOM) for the tensile stress surface of a ZT1 specimen with thickness of 500 μm tested at low stress amplitude of 500 MPa at about 12,000 cycles. (b) and (c) are the 3D LOM images showing the geometrical configurations of a microvoid, which is the crack initiation source. The fatigue life of this specimen is 14,274 cycles eventually.
Fig. 8. Stress-initiation life (S-Ni) curve and stress-propagation life (S-Np) curve attained by interrupted fatigue tests, these two curves constitute the traditional stress-failure life (S-N) curve.
Fig. 9. SEM micrographs for the tensile stress surface of a ZT1 specimen with thickness of 500 μm at high stress amplitude of 682 MPa, showing the characteristics and evolution of fatigue damage morphologies with the increase of cycle number: (a) N = 2514 cycles; (b) N = 3027 cycles; (c) N = 3639 cycles, (d) is the zoom-in image of the boxed region in (c); (e) N = 4272 cycles, (f) is the zoom-in image of the boxed region in (e); (g) N = 4891 cycles.
Fig. 10. Relationship between surface crack lengths and the number of cycles. The inset is a plot of crack growth rate as a function of number of cycles.
Investigator | Composition (at. %) | Initiation sources | Size (μm) | Loading mode | Fatigue limit (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. [ | Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 | Inclusion | 15 | C-C | 225 |
Crack and pit | 4 | ||||
Wang et al. [ | Zr50Cu40Al10 | Machining or polishing defects | - | 3PB | - |
Guennec et al. [ | Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 | Void | 100 | 4PB | 284 |
Yokoyama et al. [ | Zr55Cu30 Ni5Al10 | Crystalline inclusion | 90 × 30 | T-T | - |
Void | 40 | ||||
Naleway et al. [ | Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 | Casting porosity | 200 | 4PB | 163 |
Wang et al. [ | Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Batch 94) | Porosities | 20 | T-T | 308 |
oxide inclusions | 6 | ||||
Menzel et al. [ | Zr41.25Ti13.75Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 | Surface scratches | - | 4PB | 95 |
Morrison et al. [ | Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 | Surface defects | - | 4PB | 425 |
Interior inhomogeneity | 25 × 15 | ||||
Freels et al. [ | (Cu60Zr30Ti10)99Sn1 | Gas pores or surface trenches | 5-10 | 4PB | 175 |
Wang et al. [ | Zr50Cu40Al10 | Casting defects | 10 | 4PB | 271 |
Fujita et al. [ | [(Co0.6Fe0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]96Nb4 | Polishing trace | 0.5 | T-T | 1185 |
(Fe0.5Co0.5)72B20Si4Nb4 | Polishing trace | 0.5 | 1140 | ||
Ni60Zr20Nb15Al5 | Crushing | - | 840 | ||
Cu60Zr30Ti10 | Voids | 1-15 | 490 | ||
Zhang et al. [ | Cu45Zr45Ag7Al3 | Casting defects | - | 4PB | 174 |
Yue et al. [ | Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 | Porosity | 45 | T-T | 315 |
Inclusions | 23 × 14 | 3PB | 113 | ||
Lei et al. [ | Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 | Pores | 10 | T-C | 320 |
Present study | Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 (ZT1) | Pores | <4 | 3PB | 470 |
Table 2 Types and sizes of different kinds of defects presented in various BMG specimens which as the sources responsible for crack initiation during fatigue tests.
Investigator | Composition (at. %) | Initiation sources | Size (μm) | Loading mode | Fatigue limit (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. [ | Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 | Inclusion | 15 | C-C | 225 |
Crack and pit | 4 | ||||
Wang et al. [ | Zr50Cu40Al10 | Machining or polishing defects | - | 3PB | - |
Guennec et al. [ | Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 | Void | 100 | 4PB | 284 |
Yokoyama et al. [ | Zr55Cu30 Ni5Al10 | Crystalline inclusion | 90 × 30 | T-T | - |
Void | 40 | ||||
Naleway et al. [ | Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 | Casting porosity | 200 | 4PB | 163 |
Wang et al. [ | Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Batch 94) | Porosities | 20 | T-T | 308 |
oxide inclusions | 6 | ||||
Menzel et al. [ | Zr41.25Ti13.75Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 | Surface scratches | - | 4PB | 95 |
Morrison et al. [ | Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 | Surface defects | - | 4PB | 425 |
Interior inhomogeneity | 25 × 15 | ||||
Freels et al. [ | (Cu60Zr30Ti10)99Sn1 | Gas pores or surface trenches | 5-10 | 4PB | 175 |
Wang et al. [ | Zr50Cu40Al10 | Casting defects | 10 | 4PB | 271 |
Fujita et al. [ | [(Co0.6Fe0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]96Nb4 | Polishing trace | 0.5 | T-T | 1185 |
(Fe0.5Co0.5)72B20Si4Nb4 | Polishing trace | 0.5 | 1140 | ||
Ni60Zr20Nb15Al5 | Crushing | - | 840 | ||
Cu60Zr30Ti10 | Voids | 1-15 | 490 | ||
Zhang et al. [ | Cu45Zr45Ag7Al3 | Casting defects | - | 4PB | 174 |
Yue et al. [ | Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 | Porosity | 45 | T-T | 315 |
Inclusions | 23 × 14 | 3PB | 113 | ||
Lei et al. [ | Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 | Pores | 10 | T-C | 320 |
Present study | Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 (ZT1) | Pores | <4 | 3PB | 470 |
Fig. 11. (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of plastic zones which composed by shear bands at the tip and wake of a fatigue crack during bending fatigue tests. (b) and (c) illustrate the different shear bands spacing along the fatigue crack growth path for ZT1 beams with thicknesses of 500 μm and 100 μm.
Fig. 13. Comparison of (a) strain-life curves and (b) FELs in the form of strain amplitude for ZT1 BMG with the several candidate materials in the fields of CMs.
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