Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Zn-Ga-In alloy as the anode for seawater-activated battery

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.052

Abstract

Abstract:

The effect of indium alloying on the corrosion and discharge behaviors of Mg-Al-Zn-Ga alloys is investigated via materials characterization, immersion test and electrochemical methods. The results indicate that indium alloying can effectively modify the distribution of intermetallic phases in Mg matrix via promoting the segregation of Al in the form of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ in matrix. The addition of indium can effectively activate Mg-Al-Zn-Ga alloy evidenced by increased hydrogen evolution volume and weight loss, negative shift of corrosion and discharge potentials, increase of corrosion current density, decrease of polarization resistance and promoted Faradic efficiency. Nonetheless, excessive indium alloying (2.0 wt.%) would strikingly deteriorate the electrochemical performance of Mg-Al-Zn-Ga anode due to the exorbitant active effect. The Mg-6 wt.%Al-3 wt.%Zn-1 wt.%Ga-1 wt.%In in as-cast state with acceptable corrosion rate and desirable discharge performance is a low cost, non-toxic and well-performance magnesium alloy, which is a promising anode materials for seawater-activated batteries.

Key words: Magnesium alloy, Corrosion, Electrochemical behavior, Anode, Seawater-activated battery

Jiarun Li, Zhuoyuan Chen, Jiangping Jing, Jian Hou. Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Zn-Ga-In alloy as the anode for seawater-activated battery[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 41: 33-42.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1. Actual chemical compositions (wt.%) of the prepared alloys.

Alloys	Al	Zn	Ga	In	Mg
AZG0	5.771	2.793	0.951	-	Bal.
AZGI0.5	5.762	2.762	0.954	0.467	Bal.
AZGI1.0	5.653	2.753	0.923	0.911	Bal.
AZGI2.0	5.672	2.769	0.961	1.831	Bal.

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of the AZG0 and AZGI alloys investigated.

Fig. 2. SEM images of the AZG0 and AZGI alloys: AZG0 (a); AZGI0.5 (b); AZGI1.0 (c) and AZGI2.0 (d).

Fig. 3. SEM image of AZGI2.0 alloy (a) and corresponding elemental distributions of Mg (b), Al (c), Zn (d), In (e), and Ga (f).

Fig. 4. Hydrogen evolution volumes as a function of immersion time (a), and weight losses (b) of these AZG0 and AZGI alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C.

Fig. 5. Corrosion morphologies of AZG and AZGI alloys after immersion tests for 36 h in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C: AZG0 alloy (a), AZGI 0.5 alloy (b), AZGI 1.0 alloy (c) and AZGI2.0 alloy (d).

Fig. 6. OCP variations and potentiodynamic polarization curves of AZG0 and AZGI alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C.

Fig. 7. Nyquist diagrams of AZG0, AZGI0.5, AZGI1.0, and AZGI2.0 alloys obtained after immersion for 3600 s in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C (a); (b) is the corresponding equivalent circuit for fitting the Nyquist plots in Fig. 7(a).

Table 2. Electrochemical parameters of AZG0 and AZGI alloys obtained by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectra.

Alloy	R_s/(Ω cm²)	R_t/(Ω cm²)	Y_dl/(Ω^-1 cm^-2 sⁿ)	n_dl	R_L/(Ω cm²)	L/(Ω cm² s)	R_p/(Ω cm²)
AZG0	4.350	1149.1	4.623 × 10^-6	0.908	789.5	6894	467.9
AZGI0.5	5.691	621.3	8.711 × 10^-6	0.925	223.4	2261	164.3
AZGI1.0	7.134	373.8	1.078 × 10^-5	0.917	107.9	793.1	83.73
AZGI2.0	7.446	179.3	1.352 × 10^-5	0.921	68.34	842.9	49.48

Fig. 8. Potential-time curves of AZG0 and AZGI alloys at 10 mA cm―2 in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C for 10 h.

Table 3. Discharge parameters of AZG0 and AZGI alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 10 mA cm―2 for 10 h.

Alloys	10 mA cm^-2, 10 h
Alloys	Average Potential (vs. SCE)/V	Faradic efficiency (%)
AZG0	–1.531 ± 0.014	65.43
AZGI0.5	–1.551 ± 0.021	67.14
AZGI1.0	–1.634 ± 0.001	72.25
AZGI2.0	–1.636 ± 0.002	47.69

Fig. 9. Morphologies of AZG0 and AZGI alloys after 10 mA·cm-2 10 h discharge in 3.5 wt%NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C: AZG0 with (a) and without (b) discharge products; AZGI0.5 with (c) and without (d) discharge products; AZGI1.0 with (e) and without (f) discharge products; AZGI2.0 with (g) and without (h) discharge products.

Fig. 10. Performance of Mg-CuCl seawater-activated cell with AZG0, AZGI0.5 and AZGI1.0 and AZGI2.0 anodes in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 25 ± 1 °C: Plots of current density vs. cell voltage (a) and plots of current density vs. power density (b).

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