In vitro and in vivo studies on the biodegradable behavior and bone response of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass for treatment of bone defect

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.04.031

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present work, the biodegradable behavior, cytocompatibility and osteogenesis activity of a Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass were investigated. Electrochemical test, immersion test, cytotoxicity test and histopathological evaluation were carried out. The results showed that there was a dense protective layer formed on the surface of Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass which could inhibit the degradation process in the Hank’s solution. In vitro cytotoxicity test showed that Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass had good biocompatibility. Histopathological evaluation showed that the degradation of Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass could promote the new bone formation with no obvious inflammatory reactions. After 2 months implantation, the diameter of the bone defect was reduced from the original φ6 mm to φ3.35 ± 0.40 mm with the degradation of Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass. Therefore, it can be concluded that Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ glass has great potential to be used as bone substitutes.

Key words: Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass, Degradation, Cytocompatibility, Bone substitutes

Junxiu Chen, Jiahui Dong, Huameng Fu, Haifeng Zhang, Lili Tan, Dewei Zhao, Ke Yang. In vitro and in vivo studies on the biodegradable behavior and bone response of Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass for treatment of bone defect[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(10): 2254-2262.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Chemical composition of Hank’s solution (g/L).

NaCl	KCl	KH₂PO₄	MgSO₄	NaHCO₃	CaCl₂	Na₂HPO₄	Glucose
8.00	0.40	0.06	0.20	0.35	0.14	0.12	1.00

Table 2 Actual composition of the fabricated Mg69Zn27Ca4 alloy.

Mg (at.%)	Zn (at.%)	Ca (at.%)
69.45	26.60	3.95

Fig. 1. Microstructures of the samples (a) SEM image of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and (b) optical image of the pure Mg.

Fig. 2. XRD (a) and DSC (b) curves of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and pure Mg.

Fig. 3. Electrochemical tests of (a) OCP, (b) potentiodynamic polarization, (c) EIS curves, (d) EIS equivalent circuits of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and (e) EIS equivalent circuits of pure Mg.

Table 3 Tafel fitting results based on potentiodynamic polarization tested in Hank’s solution.

Materials	i_corr (μA cm^-2)	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	Corrosion rate (mm y^-1)
Pure Mg	4.410 ± 0.300	-1.700 ± 0.050	0.100 ± 0.006
Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass	0.440 ± 0.150	-1.300 ± 0.040	0.010 ± 0.003

Table 4 Fitting results of pure Mg and Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass immersed in Hank’s solution.

Material	R_s (Ω cm²)	CPE₁		R₁ (Ω cm²)	CPE₂		R₂ (Ω cm²)	R₃ (Ω cm²)	L (H cm^-2)
Material	R_s (Ω cm²)	Y₀₁ (μΩ^-1 cm^-2 s^-1)	n₁	R₁ (Ω cm²)	Y₀₂ (μΩ^-1 cm^-2 s^-1)	n₂	R₂ (Ω cm²)	R₃ (Ω cm²)	L (H cm^-2)
Pure Mg	0.94	12.30	0.70	10.34	14.67	0.80	0.98 × 10³	0.14	1.00 × 10⁵
Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄	7.40	21.38	0.90	2.52 × 10³	45.54	0.80	6.81 × 10³	-	-

Fig. 4. pH change and the corrosion rate for Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and pure Mg in Hank’s solution for 14 days.

Fig. 5. SEM micrographs and EDS analyses of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and pure Mg after immersion in Hank’s solution for 14 days: (a) cross section morphology of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass, (b) cross section morphology of pure Mg, (c) surface morphology of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass, (d) surface morphology of pure Mg, (e) EDS of area A and (f) EDS of area B.

Fig. 6. XRD pattern of the corrosion products of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass.

Fig. 7. Corrosion morphologies of the samples (a) Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and (b) pure Mg.

Fig. 8. Cell viability after incubation with different extracts for 1, 3 and 5 days, *p < 0.05.

Fig. 9. X-ray, μ-CT and 3D reconstruction photographs of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass and β-TCP at 2 months postoperation (a), (b) and (c) Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass group, (d), (e) [11] and (f) [11] β-TCP group.

Fig. 10. VG photographs of bone defect repair for 2 months postoperation: (a) and (b) Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass, (c) β-TCP (the red parts: new bone, the purple parts: cartilage).

Fig. 11. Schematic description of the corrosion inhibition mechanism of Mg69Zn27Ca4 metal glass.

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In vitro and in vivo studies on the biodegradable behavior and bone response of Mg₆₉Zn₂₇Ca₄ metal glass for treatment of bone defect

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