J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1499-1507.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.03.003
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Decheng Konga, Chaofang Donga*(
), Xiaoqing Nib*(), Liang Zhangb, Jizheng Yaoa, Cheng Manc, Xuequn Chenga, Kui Xiaoa, Xiaogang Lia
Received:2019-01-03
Revised:2019-01-19
Accepted:2019-01-28
Online:2019-07-20
Published:2019-06-20
Contact:
Dong Chaofang,Ni Xiaoqing
About author:1These authors contributed equally to this work.
Decheng Kong, Chaofang Dong, Xiaoqing Ni, Liang Zhang, Jizheng Yao, Cheng Man, Xuequn Cheng, Kui Xiao, Xiaogang Li. Mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel after different heat treatment processes[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(7): 1499-1507.
Fig. 1. Three-dimensional inverse pole figures of SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens obtained via EBSD after different heat treatment durations: (a) as-received; (b) 1050 °C for 0.5 h; (c) 1050 °C for 1 h; (d) 1050 °C for 2 h; (e) 1200 °C for 0.5 h; (f) 1200 °C for 1 h; (g) 1200 °C for 2 h.
Fig. 2. Grain size distributions on different planes of SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens after heat treatment for different durations: (a) xoy plane; (b) xoz plane; (c) yoz plane.
Fig. 3. Misorientation angle distributions on different planes of SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens after heat treatment for different durations: (a) xoy plane; (b) xoz plane; (c) yoz plane.
Fig. 4. Three-dimensional KAM results of SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens after heat treatment for different durations: (a) as-received; (b) 1050 °C for 0.5 h; (c) 1050 °C for 1 h; (d) 1050 °C for 2 h; (e) 1200 °C for 0.5 h; (f) 1200 °C for 1 h; (g) 1200 °C for 2 h.
Fig. 5. Bright-field TEM images of SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens: (a, b) as-received; (c, d) heat-treated at 1050 °C for 2 h; (e, f) heat-treated at 1200 °C for 2 h.
| Condition | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | ef (%) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| As-received | 637.9 ± 11.3 | 751.6 ± 15.9 | 41.2 ± 2.7 | This work |
| 1050 °C, 2 h | 423.8 ± 8.4 | 672.8 ± 13.4 | 43.9 ± 3.1 | This work |
| 1200 °C, 2 h | 415.7 ± 9.1 | 683.9 ± 16.4 | 51.6 ± 2.6 | This work |
| Wrought | $\widetilde{3}$ 00 | $\widetilde{6}$ 20 | $\widetilde{5}$ 0 | [ |
Table 1 Summary of mechanical properties of SLMed 316 L stainless steel before and after heat treatment.
| Condition | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | ef (%) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| As-received | 637.9 ± 11.3 | 751.6 ± 15.9 | 41.2 ± 2.7 | This work |
| 1050 °C, 2 h | 423.8 ± 8.4 | 672.8 ± 13.4 | 43.9 ± 3.1 | This work |
| 1200 °C, 2 h | 415.7 ± 9.1 | 683.9 ± 16.4 | 51.6 ± 2.6 | This work |
| Wrought | $\widetilde{3}$ 00 | $\widetilde{6}$ 20 | $\widetilde{5}$ 0 | [ |
Fig. 6. Relationship of micro-hardness and heat treatment time for SLMed 316 L stainless steel at 1050 and 1200 °C.
Fig. 7. Engineering stress vs. strain responses of SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens before and after heat treatment.
| Condition | Rs (Ω cm2) | Cdl (μF/cm2) | n1 | Rct (103 Ω cm2) | Cf (μF/cm2) | n2 | Rf (105 Ω cm2) | Lss (nm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As-received | 6.32 | 12.1 | 0.82 | 9.71 | 31.7 | 0.92 | 1.23 | 0.44 |
| 1050 °C, 0.5 h | 5.51 | 10.9 | 0.79 | 8.95 | 32.2 | 0.92 | 1.21 | 0.43 |
| 1050 °C, 1 h | 6.57 | 12.6 | 0.79 | 9.23 | 42.1 | 0.92 | 1.05 | 0.33 |
| 1050 °C, 2 h | 6.62 | 10.8 | 0.86 | 8.96 | 39.4 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.35 |
| 1200 °C, 0.5 h | 6.54 | 11.4 | 0.92 | 7.68 | 44.8 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.31 |
| 1200 °C, 1 h | 7.15 | 9.7 | 0.91 | 8.26 | 46.3 | 0.84 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
| 1200 °C, 2 h | 6.86 | 12.4 | 0.76 | 7.30 | 53.0 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.26 |
Table 2 Fitting parameters of EIS results obtained from proposed equivalent model.
| Condition | Rs (Ω cm2) | Cdl (μF/cm2) | n1 | Rct (103 Ω cm2) | Cf (μF/cm2) | n2 | Rf (105 Ω cm2) | Lss (nm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As-received | 6.32 | 12.1 | 0.82 | 9.71 | 31.7 | 0.92 | 1.23 | 0.44 |
| 1050 °C, 0.5 h | 5.51 | 10.9 | 0.79 | 8.95 | 32.2 | 0.92 | 1.21 | 0.43 |
| 1050 °C, 1 h | 6.57 | 12.6 | 0.79 | 9.23 | 42.1 | 0.92 | 1.05 | 0.33 |
| 1050 °C, 2 h | 6.62 | 10.8 | 0.86 | 8.96 | 39.4 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.35 |
| 1200 °C, 0.5 h | 6.54 | 11.4 | 0.92 | 7.68 | 44.8 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.31 |
| 1200 °C, 1 h | 7.15 | 9.7 | 0.91 | 8.26 | 46.3 | 0.84 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
| 1200 °C, 2 h | 6.86 | 12.4 | 0.76 | 7.30 | 53.0 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.26 |
Fig. 8. Side and cross-sectional morphologies of SLMed 316 L stainless steel after tensile experiments: (a, d) as-received; (b, e) heat-treated at 1050 °C for 2 h; (c, f) heat-treated at 1200 °C for 2 h.
Fig. 9. EIS data for SLMed 316 L stainless steel specimens after heat treatment in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature: (a) Nyquist plots; (b) Bode plots; (c) equivalent circuit. Solid lines represent the fitted results.
Fig. 10. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and EDS mapping results of nanoinclusions: (a, c) as-received SLMed 316 L stainless steel; (b, d) SLMed 316 L stainless steel heat-treated at 1200 °C for 2 h.
Fig. 11. (a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves of SLMed 316 L stainless steel after heat treatment in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature and corresponding (b) corrosion potential, (c) pitting potential and (d) metastable pitting results.
Fig. 12. Typical pitting morphology for SLMed 316 L stainless steel in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution after potentiodynamic polarization at room temperature: (a, b) as-received; (c) heat-treated at 1050 °C for 2 h; (d) heat-treated at 1200 °C for 2 h.
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