Anisotropic Porous Ti6Al4V Alloys Fabricated by Diffusion Bonding: Adaption of Compressive Behavior to Cortical Bone Implant Applications

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.08.007

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 30%-70% porosity for biomedical applications were fabricated by diffusion bonding of alloy meshes. Pore structure was characterized by Micro-CT and SEM. Compressive behavior in the out-of-plane direction and biocompatibility with cortical bone were studied. The results reveal that the fabricated porous Ti6Al4V alloys possess anisotropic structure with square pores in the in-plane direction and elongated pores in the out-of-plane direction. The average pore size of porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 30%-70% porosity is in the range of 240-360?μm. By tailoring diffusion bonding temperature, aspect ratio of alloy meshes and porosity, porous Ti6Al4V alloys with different compressive properties can be obtained, for instance, Young's modulus and yield stress in the ranges of 4-40?GPa and 70-500?MPa, respectively. Yield stress of porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated by diffusion bonding is close to that of alloys fabricated by rapid prototyping, but higher than that of fabricated by powder sintering and space-holder method. Diffusion bonding temperature has some effects on the yield stress of porous Ti6Al4V alloys, but has a minor effect on the Young's modulus. The relationship between compressive properties and relative density conforms well to the Gibson-Ashby model. The Young's modulus is linear with the aspect ratio, while the yield stress is linear with the square of aspect ratio of alloy meshes. Porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 60%-70% porosity have potential for cortical bone implant applications.

Key words: Porous biomaterials, Titanium alloys, Diffusion bonding, Compressive behavior, Bioadaption

Li Fuping,Li Jinshan,Kou Hongchao,Zhou Lian. Anisotropic Porous Ti6Al4V Alloys Fabricated by Diffusion Bonding: Adaption of Compressive Behavior to Cortical Bone Implant Applications[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(9): 937-943.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1. SEM images showing pore structure of three types of Ti6Al4V alloy meshes: (a) Type I; (b) Type II; (c) Type III.

Table 1 Pore structure parameters of three types of Ti6Al4V alloy meshes

Type	Pore size, L/μm	Wire diameter, D/μm	Aspect ratio (D/L)^a
I	900	200	0.22
II	650	200	0.31
III	400	80	0.20

Fig. 2. Porous Ti6Al4V alloy with 70% porosity fabricated by diffusion bonding using type II meshes (a); representative SEM images in the out-of-plane (b) and in-plane (c) directions; Mesh hinges formed during diffusion bonding (d).

Fig. 3. Pore size distribution of porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated using Type II meshes: (a) 70% porosity; (b) 30% porosity. The inserted graphs represent the reconstructed 3D model from Micro-CT scan for calculating pore size.

Fig. 4. Nominal compressive stress-strain curves in the out-of-plane direction for porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated at 950?°C using Type II meshes. The insert graphs show images of porous Ti6Al4V samples after compression: (a) 70% porosity at 40% nominal strain; (b) 30% porosity at 50% nominal strain.

Fig. 5. Relationship between diffusion bonding temperature and compressive properties of porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated by Type II meshes.

Fig. 6. Microstructure of porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated by Type II meshes at different diffusion bonding temperatures: (a) 850?°C, (b) 950?°C and (c) 970?°C.

Fig. 7. Relationship between compressive properties and relative density for porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated at 950?°C using Type II meshes: (a) Young's modulus; (b) yield stress.

Fig. 8. Comparison of yield stress for porous titanium and porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated by different methods[8], [10], [18], [27], [46], [47] and [48].

Fig. 9. Compressive properties of porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated at 950?°C using three types of meshes: (a) Young's modulus; (b) yield stress.

Fig. 10. Relationship between compressive properties and aspect ratio of meshes for porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 70% porosity fabricated at 950?°C.

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