Formation and Bioactivity of SrTiO3 Nanotubes on Titanium by Modified Anodization and Hydrothermal Treatment

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

SrTiO₃ nanotube films with good adhesion strengths to Ti substrates were fabricated by using a hybrid approach with a modified anodization and a hydrothermal treatment (HT). The effect of Sr²⁺ concentration in HT solutions on the morphologies and phase components of the nanotubes were investigated, the SrTiO₃ nanotubes formation mechanism was explored, and the adhesion strengths, hydrophilicity and apatite-forming ability of the SrTiO₃ nanotubes were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that with increasing the incorporation of Sr²⁺ into the nanotubes, no obvious changes of the lengths and outer diameters of the nanotubes were observed, but the wall thickness and the crystallinity of SrTiO₃ in the nanotubes increased. The accumulation of Sr at the inner tube wall indicated that the reaction of Sr²⁺ with TiO₂ mainly occurred in the vicinity of internal surfaces of the closely arranged nanotubes. The formation of the SrTiO₃ nanotubes could be attributed to an in situ dissolution-recrystallization process. The SrTiO₃ nanotubes exhibited good hydrophilicity and bioactivity, and the induced apatite preferred to nucleate on the nanotubes with higher crystallinity and Sr content, indicating a good bio-adaptability of the SrTiO₃ nanotubes for orthopedic application.

Key words: SrTiO₃ nanotubes, Modified anodization, Hydrothermal treatment, Bio-adaptability

Zhang Yanni,Han Yong,Zhang Lan. Formation and Bioactivity of SrTiO₃ Nanotubes on Titanium by Modified Anodization and Hydrothermal Treatment[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(9): 930-936.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. SEM surfaces and cross-sectional morphologies of M-NTs (a), M-2SrNTs (b) and M-6SrNTs (c); tables inserted in left images show the corresponding EDX results, and the cross-sectional images show the corresponding EDX spectra.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of M-NTs (a), M-2SrNTs (b) and M-6SrNTs (c).

Fig. 3. (a) TEM bright-field images of the scratched nanotube on M-2SrNTs; HRTEM images of the (b) I-marked area, (c) II-marked area and (d) III-marked area in (a), respectively; (e) SAED pattern detected at the ring-marked area inserted in (a); (f) the crossing EDX spectrum of M-2SrNTs.

Fig. 4. (a) XRD pattern of M-2SrNTs after annealing at 450?°C for 3?h; (b) TEM bright-field image of the scratched nanotube on the annealed M-2SrNTs; HRTEM images of the I-marked area (c), II-marked area (d) in (b), respectively; (e) the crossing EDX spectrum of the annealed M-2SrNTs.

Fig. 5. Curves of the acoustic output versus the load and corresponding scratch morphologies (inserts) of the nanotube films: (a) M-NTs, (b) M-2SrNTs and (c) M-6SrNTs.

Fig. 6. Hydrophilicity of Ti after different treatments: (a) M-NTs, (b) M-2SrNTs and (c) M-6SrNTs.

Fig. 7. Surface morphologies of M-NTs, M-2SrNTs and M-6SrNTs after immersion in SBF for different days: (a) M-NTs for 27 days; (b) M-2SrNTs for 21 days; (c) M-2SrNTs for 24 days; (d) M-6SrNTs for 18 days; (e) M-6SrNTs for 21 days; the insets in (a), (b) and (d) show the corresponding EDX patterns; the inserted tables in (c) and (e) show the corresponding EDX results; (f) XRD patterns of M-2SrNTs (I) and M-6SrNTs (II) immersed for 24 and 21 days, respectively.

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Formation and Bioactivity of SrTiO₃ Nanotubes on Titanium by Modified Anodization and Hydrothermal Treatment

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