Bulk Metallic Glasses: MRI Compatibility and Its Correlation with Magnetic Susceptibility

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.04.001

Abstract

Abstract: Several bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were selected to in vitro assess their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility with agarose gel as a phantom, in terms of the extent of susceptibility artifacts in magnetic resonance image. The investigated metals include the Au₄₉Ag_5.5Pd_2.3Cu_26.9Si_16.3, Zr₆₁Ti₂Cu₂₅Al₁₂, Cu_50.4Ni_5.6Ti₃₁Zr₁₃ and Ti₄₇Cu₃₈Zr_7.5Fe_2.5Sn₂Si₁Ag₂, together with pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy (ASTM-F799) for comparison. The artifact extent in MR images was quantitatively characterized according to the total volume in reconstructed 3D images with a series of slices under acquisition by fast spin echo (FSE) sequence and gradient echo (GRE) sequence. As indicated, artifact severity of the BMGs is much less than that of the CoCrMo alloy. The AuAgPdCuSi BMG manifested the smallest artifact among the four BMGs, while the TiCuZrFeSnSiAg BMG is comparative to the CP-Ti. The MRI compatibility of BMGs is ranked as a sequence of the Au-, Zr-, Cu- and Ti-based alloys. Dependence of material magnetic susceptibility on artifact extent is also the case of the BMGs, even though it does not follow a simple linear relationship within a range of Δχ_v?=?30-180?ppm. These findings are of interest to reveal that the BMGs are potentially applied in the fields associated with an interventional MRI for MRI-guided surgeries.

Key words: Metallic glass, MRI compatibility, Magnetic susceptibility, Metal-induced artifacts, Biomaterials

Da-Bo Zhou, Shao-Ping Wang, Shao-Gang Wang, Hong-Jun Ai, Jian Xu. Bulk Metallic Glasses: MRI Compatibility and Its Correlation with Magnetic Susceptibility[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(6): 496-504.

Figures/Tables 11

Phantom used for in vitro MR examination showing that a cylinder specimen placed in the container center was embedded in the Ni-doped agarose gel.

XRD patterns taken from cross-section surface of as-cast BMG cylinders of 4?mm in diameter.

Successive 2D MR images of (a) FSE and (b) GRE at 3-T field strength for a ZrTiCuAl BMG cylinder. The cylinder specimen in the phantom was parallel to B0. Slices were distributed symmetrically around the specimen center.

Successive 2D MR images of (a) FSE and (b) GRE at 3-T field strength for a ZrTiCuAl BMG cylinder. Cylinder specimen in the phantom was perpendicular to B0. Slices were distributed symmetrically around the specimen center.

Artifacts in 2D MR and reconstructed 3D images from six investigated metals. 2D MR images were taken in FSE (upper) and GRE (lower) at 3-T field strength. The direction of B0 indicated by the arrow was parallel to the specimen longitudinal axis. The 2D image was representative of maximum artifact in plane among the set of scanning slices. The 3D image was taken from anterior view, showing artifact configuration constructed in space.

Artifacts of six investigated metals in FSE (upper) and GRE (lower) images at 3-T field strength presented in 2D and reconstructed 3D views. Longitudinal axis of specimen was orientated perpendicular to B0. 2D and reconstructed 3D images showing maximum extent and spatial configuration of artifacts.

Plot of total artifacts volume for the specimens imaged parallel to B0 against the case perpendicular to B0 for the investigated BMGs and CP-Ti. The images were acquired with FSE and GRE sequences at 3-T field strength. Dash lines represent the linear fitting of data.

Plot of total artifact volumes in GRE sequence against ones in FSE sequence for BMG materials, with all of measured data, independent of orientation relative to B0. Straight line represents a fitting

Comparison of total artifact volumes in all imaging conditions of BMG materials with CP-Ti

Correlation of total artifacts volume in all imaging conditions with the difference in magnetic susceptibility between metals and agarose gel, Δ

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