Broadband absorption of macro pyramid structure based flame retardant absorbers

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.04.030

Abstract

Abstract:

Flame-retardant materials with good electromagnetic wave absorption play an increasingly important role in Over-the-Air (OTA) tests in microwave anechoic chambers. In this work, carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate (CNTs@APP) composite were prepared by crosslinking with the silane coupling agent (KH550). The flame retardancy is improved with the increase of APP. However, the microwave absorption performance (MAP) and processing difficulty changed greatly as well. Therefore, magnesium aluminum double-layer metal hydroxide (LDH) was obtained by coprecipitation method and processing into the coating, so as to realize flame retardancy which reaches the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 24.8% and good MAP at the same time. Then, a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS™) was used to simulate the pyramid model to realize the broadband absorption, and the optimal parameter range was obtained, that is, when the total height of the material is 40 mm, the height of the base accounts for 1/5-1/3, and the tangent of the half top angle is near 1/5, which result in the best MAP. Finally, the broadband absorption of 14.36 GHz (3.64-18 GHz) was realized when the base height is 1/3, and the broadband absorption of 14 GHz (4-18 GHz) can be realized under the condition of large-angle oblique incidence of 0°-60°.

Key words: Electromagnetic wave absorption, Broad bandwidth, Pyramid structure, Flame retardant, HFSS^TM

Sun Hengda, Zhang Ying, Wu Yue, Zhao Yue, Zhou Ming, Liu Lie, Tang Shaolong, Ji Guangbin. Broadband absorption of macro pyramid structure based flame retardant absorbers[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 128: 228-238.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. (a) Principle of sample synthesis: csynthetic path of CNT@APP and (b) preparation method of flame-retardant coating.

Fig. 2. SEM images of (a, d) S1, (b, e) S2, and (c, f) S3; (g) XRD patterns of CNT, APP, S1-S3; (h) FTIR spectra of CNT, APP, S1, S2, and S3; (i) Thermal Gravimetric (TG) spectra of CNT, APP, S1-S3.

Fig. 3. (a-c) SEM images of LDH, (d) XRD pattern of LDH, (e) FTIR spectrum of LDH and its coating, (f) ε′ of LDH with 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% filling ratio, (g) tan δε of LDH with 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% filling ratio, (h) transmission of LDH with 20 wt.% filling ratio, (i) transmission of LDH with 30 wt.% filling ratio.

Fig. 4. Flame retardancy: (a) LOI of samples 1-4, (b) LOI of samples 2, 5, and 6, and (c) LOI of samples 3, 7, and 8. Schematic diagram of 60 s combustion of (d) sample 1, (e) sample 2, (f) sample 5, and (g) sample 6.

Fig. 5. Electromagnetic parameters (a) ε′, (b) μ′, (c) tanδe, and (d) tanδμ of S1-S3. (e) Model of the Pyramid, Prismatic, Circular cone, and Round platform. (f) RL, (g) Re Zin/Z0, and (h) Im Zin/Z0 curves of pyramid model of S1-S3. (i) RL, (j) Re Zin/Z0, and (k) Im Zin/Z0 curves of four models of S1.

Fig. 6. Pyramid parameter optimization: (a) Overall structure of pyramid model, (b) parameter objective of pyramid structural element optimization, (c) transmission principle of the electromagnetic wave in a pyramid structure, (d) RL, (e) Re Zin/Z0, and (f) Im Zin/Z0 curves with different base height (h1) of the periodic structural element of the pyramid. Absorption bandwidth curve of different (g) h1, (h) width, and (i) h of the periodic structural element of the pyramid.

Fig. 7. Oblique incidence of pyramid structure. RCS three-dimensional diagram of (a) board at 4 GHz and (b) pyramid at 4 GHz. (c) RCS curve of board and pyramid at 4 GHz. RCS three-dimensional diagram of (d) board at 8 GHz and (e) pyramid at 8 GHz. (f) RCS curve of board and pyramid at 8 GHz. RL curve and electric field distribution of (g) transverse electric (TE) wave at 0°-80° and (h) transverse electromagnetic (TM) wave at 0°-80°.

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