Characterizations of the biomineralization film caused by marine Pseudomonas stutzeri and its mechanistic effects on X80 pipeline steel corrosion

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.02.033

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel generates a corrosion product film, which can also be called biomineralization film. It is critical to understand the structure of biomineralization film since it dominates the corrosion behavior of metal. In this work, Pseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri) was isolated from seawater, and the biomineralization film caused by marine P. stutzeri was characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The mechanistic effects of the biomineralization film on X80 pipeline steel corrosion were also investigated. The results indicate that the minerals are mainly composed of nano Fe₃O₄ and FeOOH, according to TEM and XRD results. The particle sizes of biominerals are below 10 nm. This work also provides an insight strategy to prepare nanomaterials by MIC caused by P. stutzeri. In addition, P. stutzeri can grow well with CO₂ as a carbon source and iron as an electron donor. The corrosion rates (CRs) of specimens are closely related to the structure of biomineralization film. The CRs increase with the decrease of initial cell concentration. P. stutzeri with an initial concentration of 10⁷ cells/mL can promote the formation of a compact biomineralization film with a thickness of 145.8 ± 4.8 μm, leading to corrosion inhibition with a CR of 0.058±0.008 mm/y. But some corrosion pits can be observed due to the formation of small anodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data show higher impedance values and two time-constants, which imply the formation of a compact biomineralization film.

Key words: Biomineralization, Nanomaterials, MIC, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Steel

Haixian Liu, Wen Chen, Yu Tan, Guozhe Meng, Hongfang Liu, YFrank Cheng, Hongwei Liu. Characterizations of the biomineralization film caused by marine Pseudomonas stutzeri and its mechanistic effects on X80 pipeline steel corrosion[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 125: 15-28.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1. Changes of DO (a) and the planktonic and sessile P. stutzeri cells counts (b) initially and at the end of 14 days in the artificial seawater. The growth curves of P. stutzeri with different initial cell counts in the presence (c) and absence (d) of steel specimens.

Fig. 2. CRs of various specimens calculated from specific weight loss after 14-day testing in the artificial seawater.

Fig. 3. SEM images of the corrosion product films corresponding to different initial cell concentration after 14 days of testing in the artificial seawater: (a) abiotic control; (b) 107 cells/mL; (c) 105 cells/mL; (d) 103 cells/mL.

Fig. 4. 2D and 3D morphologies of corrosion product films corresponding to different initial cell concentrations after 14 days of testing in the artificial seawater: (a, b) abiotic control; (c, d) 107 cells/mL; (e, f) 105 cells/mL; (g, h) 103 cells/mL. Part of the corrosion products was removed to measure the thickness of surface films.

Fig. 5. The thicknesses of corrosion product films of specimens with different initial cell concentrations after 14 days of testing calculated from the 3D morphologies in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6. TEM images (a-d) of the corrosion products in the abiotic seawater, the inset image in (a) is the SAED pattern. Image (b) is the partially enlarged image (a). HRTEM images (c, d) and the inset image in (c) correspond to FFT patterns based on the red square area. The elemental mapping of corrosion products (e).

Fig. 7. TEM images (a-d) of the biominerals in the presence of P. stutzeri of 107 cells/mL in the seawater, the inset image in (a) is the SAED pattern. Image (b) is the partially enlarged image (a). HRTEM images (c, d) and the inset image in (c) correspond to FFT patterns based on the red square area. The elemental mapping of corrosion products (e).

Fig. 8. XRD analysis results of corrosion products of specimens with different initial cell concentrations after 14 days of testing in the artificial seawater.

Fig. 9. 3D surface morphologies of specimens after removing corrosion products with different initial cell concentrations after 14 days of testing in the artificial seawater: (a) abiotic control; (b) 107 cells/mL; (c) 105 cells/mL; (d) 103 cells/mL.

Fig. 10. Time-dependence of Nyquist and Bode plots of specimens treated without and with P. stutzeri with different initial cell concentrations in the artificial seawater: (a, b) abiotic control; (c, d) 107 cells/mL; (e, f) 105 cells/mL; (g, h) 103 cells/mL.

Fig. 11. Electrochemical equivalent circuits used for the fitting of the measured EIS data: (a) used to fit EIS data with inductive reactance; (b) one time-constant and (c) two time-constants.

Fig. 12. The changes of EIS fitted results (Rp, i.e., Rf + Rct) with time corresponding to different specimens in the presence and absence of P. stutzeri in the artificial seawater.

Fig. 13. The potentiodynamic polarization curves of abiotic and biotic specimens in the presence and absence of P. stutzeri with different initial cell counts after testing in the artificial seawater for 14 days.

Table 1. Electrochemical parameters fitted to the potentiodynamic polarization curves in Fig. 13, corresponding to abiotic and biotic specimens in the presence and absence of P. stutzeri after testing in the artificial seawater for 14 days.

Empty Cell	b_a (V dec^-1)	b_c (V dec^-1)	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	i_corr (A cm^-2)
Control	0.069±0.003	-0.149±0.006	-0.775±0.005	(4.49±0.57)×10^-6
10⁷ cells/mL	0.048±0.011	-0.168±0.024	-0.740±0.012	(1.04±0.27)×10^-6
10⁵ cells/mL	0.047±0.014	-0.162±0.019	-0.761±0.014	(2.24±1.34)×10^-6
10³ cells/mL	0.064±0.001	-0.162±0.006	-0.766±0.008	(4.17±0.20)×10^-6

Fig. 14. Changes of galvanic current density distributions of the abiotic control WBE specimen with time in the artificial seawater: (a) 1 d; (b) 2 d; (c) 4 d; (d) 7 d; (e) 10 d; (f) 14 d.

Fig. 15. Changes of galvanic current density distributions of the biotic WBE specimen with time in the artificial seawater: (a) 1 d; (b) 2 d; (c) 4 d; (d) 7 d; (e) 10 d; (f) 14 d.

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