Highly oxidation-resistant Ti-Mo alloy with two-scale network Ti5Si3 reinforcement

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.08.072

Abstract

Abstract:

There is keen interest in using Ti alloys as lightweight structural materials for aerospace and automotive industries. However, a long-standing problem for these materials is their poor oxidation resistance. Herein, we designed and fabricated a Ti₅Si₃ reinforced Ti-4(wt.%)Mo composite with two-scale network architecture by low energy milling and spark plasma sintering. It displays superior oxidation resistance at 800 °C owing to the in-situ formation of a multi-component surface layer. This oxide layer has a dense grain size gradient structure that consists of an outer TiO₂ layer and an inner SiO₂-padding-TiO₂ layer, which has remarkable oxidation resistance and thermal stability. Furthermore, it was revealed that the hitherto unknown interaction between Ti₅Si₃ reinforcement and nitrogen during oxidation would contribute to the formation of a TiN nano-twin interface layer, which accommodates the thermal mismatch strain between the oxide layer and matrix. This, along with high adhesion, confers excellent thermal cycling life with no cracking or spallation during long-term oxidation. In this regard, the secure operating temperature of this new composite can be increased to 800 °C, which provides a design pathway for a new family of Ti matrix composites for high-temperature applications.

Key words: Ti matrix composites, Oxidation mechanism, Thermal stability, Interface strengthening, Transmission electron microscopy

Qiong Lu, Yaozha Lv, Chi Zhang, Hongbo Zhang, Wei Chen, Zhanyuan Xu, Peizhong Feng, Jinglian Fan. Highly oxidation-resistant Ti-Mo alloy with two-scale network Ti₅Si₃ reinforcement[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 110: 24-34.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig. 1. FE models (a) N10 condition (b) H5 condition (c) H15 condition.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of N10, H5, and H15.

Fig. 3. (a)-(c) SEM-BSE images of N10, H5, and H15.

Fig. 4. Microscopic structure of N10. (a) SEM-BSE images, (b)-(e) TEM images in areas 1 and 2 in Fig. 4(a) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of areas A and B.

Fig. 5. Oxidation performance of TMCs. (a) Oxidation kinetics of H5, N10, and H15 composites at 800 °C for 120 h, (b) Oxidation rates comparison of H5, N10, H15, and other TMCs [41], [42], [43], [44].

Fig. 6. Cross-section morphology of N10 after 120 h oxidation at 800 °C: (a) SEM-BSE image and (b) EPMA element mapping across the oxide scale.

Fig. 7. (a) Position illustration on a cross-section of the TEM sample, (b) Corresponding TEM images of regions in Fig. 7(a).

Fig. 8. Microscopic structure of the inner oxide layer as shown in Region 1 of Fig. 7(b). (a) TEM image, (b, c) SAED patterns of areas 2 and 1, (d) HRTEM of area A in Fig. 8(a).

Fig. 9. STEM-HAADF images showing a cross-section from the boxed area 3 in Fig. 8(a) and corresponding Si, O, and Ti elemental maps.

Fig. 10. Microscopic structure of internal interface layer. (a) TEM image of Region 2 in Fig. 7(b), (b) a larger version, and (c) SAED pattern of area 1 in Fig. 10(a).

Fig. 11. Stability diagram of Ti5Si3 oxidation and nitridation [52].

Fig. 12. Nitridation of Ti5Si3. (a) TEM image of area 3 in Fig. 10(b), (b) HRTEM image of area A in Fig. 12(a), (c)-(h) FFT patterns of areas 1 to 6 in Fig. 12(b), (i) HRTEM image of area B in Fig. 12(a).

Fig. 13. Microstructure of TiN twin at the interface of oxide layer and matrix. (a) TEM image of area 2 in Fig. 10(a), (b) SAED pattern of area 1 in Fig. 13(a), (c) HRTEM image of TiN twins aligned into [011] zone axis.

Fig. 14. Microscopic structure of N10 matrix after exposure. (a) TEM image of Region 3 in Fig. 7(b), (b, c) SAED patterns of areas 1 and 2 in Fig. 14(a).

Fig. 15. Adhesion performance. (a) SEM images of oxidized H5, N10, and H15 after scratch tests, (b) Lc2 and CPRs of the oxide layers.

Fig. 16. Residual stress distribution after exposure. (a) N10 condition, (b) H5 condition, (c) H15 condition, (d)-(g) Examples of local hotspots in H5 and H15 conditions.

Fig. 17. Formation mechanisms of the surface oxide layer.

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Highly oxidation-resistant Ti-Mo alloy with two-scale network Ti₅Si₃ reinforcement

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