Facile synthesis of defected TiO2-x (B) nanosheet/graphene oxide hybrids with high photocatalytic H2 activity

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.005

Abstract

Abstract:

TiO₂ (B) nanosheets/GO (graphene oxide) hybrids are considered to be outstanding performance photocatalysts for high efficiency of H₂ evolution. However, they still suffer severe challenges during the synthetic processes, such as a large amount of the capping agents adhering on the surface and easy occurrence of aggregation. To figure out these obstacles, Ar plasma treatment as a modified method in this study not only enable the TiO₂ (B) nanosheets distributed uniformly on the GO sheets but also engineer defects within TiO₂ (B) nanosheets to significantly improve the photocatalytic activity for the water splitting. The hydrogen evolution rate of the TiO_2-_x (B)/GO sheets is 1.4 times higher compared with that of original TiO₂ (B)/GO sheets without Ar plasma treatment. The improved photocatalytic properties were owing to the synergetic effects of oxygen vacancies and the heterojunction between GO and TiO₂ (B), which can promote the visible light utilization and accelerate separation and transportation of photogenerated electron-holes. This study can provide a facile pathway to prepare the two-dimensional hybrid photocatalysts with high photocatalytic H₂ activity.

Key words: TiO₂(B) nanosheets, Plasma etching, Structure defect, Heterojunction, Photocatalytic H₂ evolution

Xiangchen Kong, Huiming Huang, Zhaoyang Li, Yanqin Liang, Zhenguo Li, Shengli Zhu. Facile synthesis of defected TiO_2-_x (B) nanosheet/graphene oxide hybrids with high photocatalytic H₂ activity[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 80: 171-178.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of synthetic procedure of TiO2-x (B)/GO, (b, d, f, h) the TEM, (c, e, g, i) HRTEM images of TiO2-x (B)/GO with different plasma treating time (0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min) and inset image including statistics of nanosheets diameter.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) the amplifying image of XRD patterns (20°?50°), (c) Raman spectra, and (d) specific surface area of TiO2-x (B)/GO with different plasma treating time.

Fig. 3. (a) EPR testing including O vacancy testing (upper image) and O2. radical testing (lower image), (b) XPS patterns of Ti 2p, O 1s and C 1s orbital, (c) the PDF (pair distribution function) analysis with short-range order and (d) schematic diagram of crystal cell structure after the plasma-treated TiO2-x (B)/GO.

Fig. 4. (a) UV-vis absorbance spectra, (b) transformed reflectance plots of Kubelka-Munk function, (c) valence band spectra, and (d) schematic diagram of bandgap structure on the modified TiO2-x (B)/GO photocatalysts.

Fig. 5. Proposed cycle mechanism for photocatalytic H2 evolution on etching surface of TiO2-x (B).

Fig. 6. (a) The property testing of H2 evolution, (b) the photocatalytic recyclability, (c) transient photocurrent test and (d) the impedance testing of MS curves (Mott-Schottky) with TiO2-x (B)/GO.

References 50

[1]	Y. Li, Y.L. Li, B. Sa, R. Ahuja, Catal. Sci. Technol. 7 (2017) 545-559. DOI URL
[2]	J. Schneider, M. Matsuoka, M. Takeuchi, J. Zhang, Y. Horiuchi, M. Anpo, D.W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev. 114 (2014) 9919-9986. DOI PMID
[3]	Z. Zhang, F. Xiao, Y. Guo, S. Wang, Y. Liu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013) 2227-2233. DOI URL
[4]	T. Xia, Y. Zhang, J. Murowchick, X. Chen, Catal. Today 225 (2014) 2-9. DOI URL
[5]	S. Cao, T.S. Chan, Y.R. Lu, X. Shi, B. Fu, Z. Wu, H. Li, K. Liu, S. Alzuabi, P. Cheng, M. Liu, T. Li, X. Chen, L. Piao, Nano Energy 67 (2020), 104287. DOI URL
[6]	J. Lin, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, C. Huang, W. Liu, X. Mi, D. Fan, F. Fan, H. Lu, X. Chen, ChemSusChem 12 (2019) 961-967. DOI URL
[7]	Q. Gao, F. Si, S. Zhang, Y. Fang, X. Chen, S. Yang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 44 (2019) 8011-8019. DOI URL
[8]	J. Low, S. Cao, J. Yu, S. Wageh, Chem. Commun. 50 (2014) 10768-10777. DOI URL
[9]	Z. Jiang, M. Wang, H. Cheng, J. Li, A. Husnu, H. Lv, Y. Yao, L. Shao, Y. Huang, M. Dong, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 31 (2015) 840-844, 123178. DOI URL
[10]	P. Zhang, T. Wang, J. Gong, Chem 4 (2018) 223-245. DOI URL
[11]	S. Liu, H. Jia, L. Han, J. Wang, P. Gao, D. Xu, J. Yang, S. Che, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 3201-3204. DOI URL
[12]	K. Naoi, T. Kurita, M. Abe, T. Furuhashi, Y. Abe, K. Okazaki, J. Miyamoto, E. Iwama, S. Aoyagi, W. Naoi, P. Simon, Adv. Mater. 28 (2016) 6751-6757. DOI URL
[13]	K. Pan, Y. Dong, W. Zhou, G. Wang, Q. Pan, Y. Yuan, X. Miao, G. Tian, Electrochim. Acta 88 (2013) 263-269. DOI URL
[14]	M. Zhen, S. Guo, G. Gao, Z. Zhou, L. Liu, Chem. Commun. 51 (2015) 507-510. DOI URL
[15]	P.Y. Hsieh, Y.H. Chiu, T.H. Lai, M.J. Fang, Y.T. Wang, Y.J. Hsu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 3006-3015. DOI URL
[16]	C. Xu, A. Cui, Y. Xu, X. Fu, Carbon 62 (2013) 465-471. DOI URL
[17]	W.K. Jo, S. Kumar, M.A. Isaacs, A.F. Lee, S. Karthikeyan, Appl. Catal. B 201 (2017) 159-168.
[18]	S. Li, L. Ruan, S. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Ren, G. Han, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 46 (2020) 139-144. DOI URL
[19]	T.F. Yeh, J. Cihláˇr, C.Y. Chang, C. Cheng, H. Teng, Mater. Today 16 (2013) 78-84. DOI URL
[20]	R. Shen, J. Xie, Y. Ding, S.Y. Liu, A. Adaimsk, X. Chen, X. Li, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7 (2018) 3243-3250. DOI URL
[21]	J. Li, N. Wu, Catal. Sci. Technol. 5 (2015) 1360-1384. DOI URL
[22]	G. Liu, C. Zhen, Y. Kang, L. Wang, H.M. Cheng, Chem. Soc. Rev. 47 (2018) 6410-6444. DOI URL
[23]	H. Tong, S. Ouyang, Y. Bi, N. Umezawa, M. Oshikiri, J. Ye, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 229-251. DOI URL
[24]	Z. Zhang, J.T.Yates Jr., Chem. Rev. 112 (2012) 5520-5551. DOI PMID
[25]	C. Hu, X. Zhang, W. Li, Y. Yan, G. Xi, H. Yang, J. Li, H. Bai, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 2040-2043. DOI URL
[26]	H. Zhang, G. Liu, L. Shi, J. Ye, Adv. Energy Mater. 8 (2018), 1701343. DOI URL
[27]	K.K. Paul, N. Sreekanth, R.K. Biroju, T.N. Narayanan, P.K. Giri, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 185 (2018) 364-374. DOI URL
[28]	P. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang, H. Yu, J. Yu, M. Lei, Y. Wang, Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 132-133 (2013) 452-459. DOI URL
[29]	L. Tao, Q. Wang, S. Dou, Z. Ma, J. Huo, S. Wang, L. Dai, Chem. Commun. 52 (2016) 2764-2767. DOI URL
[30]	L. Tao, X. Duan, C. Wang, X. Duan, S. Wang, Chem. Commun. 51 (2015) 7470-7473. DOI URL
[31]	X. Kong, Y. Xu, Z. Cui, Z. Li, Y. Liang, Z. Gao, S. Zhu, X. Yang, Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 230 (2018) 11-17. DOI URL
[32]	P. Liu, Y. Zhao, R. Qin, S. Mo, G. Chen, L. Gu, D.M. Chevrier, P. Zhang, Q. Guo, D. Zang, B. Wu, G. Fu, N. Zheng, Science 352 (2016) 797-801. DOI URL
[33]	Y. Liu, X.S. Ning, Comput. Mater. Sci. 85 (2014) 193-199. DOI URL
[34]	A.K. Soper, Science & Technology Facilities Council Swindon, UK, 2011.
[35]	L. Xu, Q. Jiang, Z. Xiao, X. Li, J. Huo, S. Wang, L. Dai, Angew. Chem. 55 (2016) 5277-5281. DOI URL
[36]	J.E. Vinodkumar Etacheri, B.M. Bartlett, ACS Nano 8 (2014) 1491-1499. DOI PMID
[37]	B. Chen, J. Sha, W. Li, F. He, E. Liu, C. Shi, C. He, J. Li, N. Zhao, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016) 2495-2504. DOI URL
[38]	E. Ramos-Moore, P. Ferrari, D.E. Diaz-Droguett, D. Lederman, J.T. Evans, J. Appl. Phys. 111 (2012), 014108. DOI URL
[39]	X. Xue, W. Ji, Z. Mao, H. Mao, Y. Wang, X. Wang, W. Ruan, B. Zhao, J.R. Lombardi, J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012) 8792-8797. DOI URL
[40]	D. Dambournet, K.W. Chapman, M.V. Koudriachova, P.J. Chupas, I. Belharouak, K. Amine, Inorg. Chem. 50 (2011) 5855-5857. DOI PMID
[41]	X. Hua, Z. Liu, P.G. Bruce, C.P. Grey, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 (2015) 13612-13623. DOI URL
[42]	J. Ma, W. Li, B.J. Morgan, J. ´Swiatowska, R. Baddour-Hadjean, M. Body, C. Legein, O.J. Borkiewicz, S. Leclerc, H. Groult, F. Lantelme, C. Laberty-Robert, D. Dambournet, Chem. Mater. 30 (2018) 3078-3089. DOI URL
[43]	C.J. Biermann, Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking (Second Edition), Vol. 11, 1996, pp. 698-720.
[44]	M. Faraji, M. Yousefi, S. Yousefzadeh, M. Zirak, N. Naseri, T.H. Jeon, W. Choi, A.Z. Moshfegh, Energy Environ. Sci. 12 (2019) 59-95. DOI URL
[45]	L. Sun, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 27 (2019) 2251-2260. DOI URL
[46]	X. Chen, L. Liu, F. Huang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (2015) 1861-1885. DOI URL
[47]	L. Guan, X. Chen, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1 (2018) 4313-4320. DOI URL
[48]	H. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Chen, J. Hu, S. Li, Z. Wang, J. Liu, X. Wang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 15 (2014) 5234-5244.
[49]	R. Shi, Y. Zhao, G.I.N. Waterhouse, S. Zhang, T. Zhang, ACS Catal. 9 (2019) 9739-9750. DOI URL
[50]	Z. Tian, H. Cui, G. Zhu, W. Zhao, J. Xu, F. Shao, J. He, F. Huang, J. Power Sources 325 (2016) 697-705. DOI URL

Facile synthesis of defected TiO_2-_x (B) nanosheet/graphene oxide hybrids with high photocatalytic H₂ activity

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 50

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Xin Wang, Jun Wang, Bin Wei, Nan Zhang, Junyuan Xu, Hongwei Miao, Lifeng Liu, Chenliang Su, Ying Li, Zhongchang Wang. Plasma tailoring in WTe₂ nanosheets for efficiently boosting hydrogen evolution reaction [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 78(0): 170-175.
[2]	Can Li, Fan Feng, Jie Jian, Youxun Xu, Fan Li, Hongqiang Wang, Lichao Jia. Boosting carrier dynamics of BiVO₄ photoanode via heterostructuring with ultrathin BiOI nanosheets for enhanced solar water splitting [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 79(0): 21-28.
[3]	Liping Han, Bo Li, Hao Wen, Yuxi Guo, Zhan Lin. Photocatalytic degradation of mixed pollutants in aqueous wastewater using mesoporous 2D/2D TiO₂(B)-BiOBr heterojunction [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 70(0): 175-184.
[4]	Qinqin Liu, Jinxin Huang, Hua Tang, Xiaohui Yu, Jun Shen. Construction 0D TiO₂ nanoparticles/2D CoP nanosheets heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 196-205.
[5]	Dongran Qin, Yang Xia, Qin Li, Chao Yang, Yanmin Qin, Kangle Lv. One-pot calcination synthesis of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst with a step-scheme heterojunction structure [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 206-215.
[6]	Zhongfu Li, Zhaohui Wu, Rongan He, Long Wan, Shiying Zhang. In₂O_3-_x(OH)_y/Bi₂MoO₆ S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic performance [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 151-161.
[7]	Yunfeng Li, Minghua Zhou, Bei Cheng, Yan Shao. Recent advances in g-C₃N₄-based heterojunction photocatalysts [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 1-17.
[8]	Dapeng Cao, Jingbo Zhang, Anchen Wang, Xiaohui Yu, Baoxiu Mi. Fabrication of Cr-doped SrTiO₃/Ti-doped α-Fe₂O₃ photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 189-195.
[9]	Xintong Liu, Shaonan Gu, Yanjun Zhao, Guowei Zhou, Wenjun Li. BiVO₄, Bi₂WO₆ and Bi₂MoO₆ photocatalysis: A brief review [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 45-68.
[10]	Zizhan Liang, Rongchen Shen, Hau Ng Yun, Peng Zhang, Quanjun Xiang, Xin Li. A review on 2D MoS₂ cocatalysts in photocatalytic H₂ production [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 89-121.
[11]	Zhongliao Wang, Yifan Chen, Liuyang Zhang, Bei Cheng, Jiaguo Yu, Jiajie Fan. Step-scheme CdS/TiO₂ nanocomposite hollow microsphere with enhanced photocatalytic CO₂ reduction activity [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 143-150.
[12]	Angga Hermawan, Yusuke Asakura, Miki Inada, Shu Yin. A facile method for preparation of uniformly decorated-spherical SnO₂ by CuO nanoparticles for highly responsive toluene detection at high temperature [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 51(0): 119-129.
[13]	Minghui Xiong, Juntao Yan, Bo Chai, Guozhi Fan, Guangsen Song. Liquid exfoliating CdS and MoS₂ to construct 2D/2D MoS₂/CdS heterojunctions with significantly boosted photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56(0): 179-188.
[14]	Linxing Meng, Wei Tian, Fangli Wu, Fengren Cao, Liang Li. TiO₂ ALD decorated CuO/BiVO₄ p-n heterojunction for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(8): 1740-1746.
[15]	Mengyan Zhang, Tao Ning, Jie Chen, Lijie Sun, Lihua Zhou. Improvement on the interface properties of p-GaAs/n-InP heterojunction for wafer bonded four-junction solar cells [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(3): 330-333.