Constructing zwitterionic nanofiber film for anti-adhesion of marine corrosive microorganisms

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.053

Abstract

Abstract:

A zwitterionic nanofiber film was constructed through combining zwitterionic polymer with anodic aluminum oxide template for anti-adhering typical marine corrosive microorganisms, i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Chaetoceros muelleri. Results showed that the fabricated zwitterionic polymers film has fibrous nanostructure with uniform distribution and super hydrophilia. This film has wide anti-adhering properties, and it can effectively reduce the attachment of these three microorganisms by more than 99%. Moreover, the adhesion of extracellular polymeric substances secreted from these three microorganisms are also inhibited, which is one reason for the fabricated nanofiber film with anti-adhesion characteristic of microorganisms. This research provides valuable information for solving the problem of microbial adhesion on metal surfaces in the marine environment.

Key words: Zwitterionic nanofiber film, Confocal laser scanning microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Extracellular polymeric substances, Microbiologically influenced corrosion

Jiashun Shi, Suchun Wang, Xin Cheng, Shiqiang Chen, Guangzhou Liu. Constructing zwitterionic nanofiber film for anti-adhesion of marine corrosive microorganisms[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 70: 145-155.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. Fabrication process of zwitterionic PAS nanofiber film based AAO template. (a) Electro-polishing, (b) two-step anodization in oxalic acid, (c) enlarging pores in phosphoric acid, (d) vacuum impregnation and free radical polymerization, (e) dehydration in the air, (f) detaching the top gel.

Table 1 Compositions of the media.

Medium	Composition
Modified LB medium	10 g tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, and 10 g NaCl in each liter of ASW
Modified Postgate medium	2.0 g MgSO₄·7H₂O, 1.0 g CaSO₄·2H₂O, 1.0 g NH₄Cl, 0.5 g K₂HPO₄, 5.0 g sodium citrate, 3.5 g sodium lactate, and 1.0 g yeast extract in each liter of ASW
Guillard F/2 medium	750 mg NaNO₃, 56.5 mg NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, and 1 mL trace element solution in each liter of ASW

Fig. 2. EDS spectra of (a) PAA and (b) PAS nanofiber films, (c) FT-IR spectra of PAA and PAS nanofiber films, (d) molecular structures of PAA and PAS.

Fig. 3. SEM images of (a, b) AAO template, (c, d) PAA nanofiber film and (e, f) PAS nanofiber film.

Fig. 4. Water contact angles of different surfaces. Each point is the average of five measurements on three replicates, and error bars show the standard deviation.

Fig. 5. Growth curves of (a) P. aeruginosa, (b) D. vulgaris and (c) C. muelleri. The cell densities were measured by hemocytometer counting method. The dotted lines divide the growth phase of the microorganisms and the cell concentration in stationary phase is about (a) 1.3 × 109, (b) 1.8 × 108 and (c) 5 × 106 cells mL-1, respectively. Each point is the average of five counts, and error bars show the standard deviation.

Fig. 6. CLSM images of (a) P. aeruginosa, (b) D. vulgaris, (c) C. muelleri on different surfaces: (a1, b1, c1) aluminum, (a2, b2, c2) AAO template, (a3, b3, c3) PAA nanofiber film and (a4, b4, c4) PAS nanofiber film. The green signals are SYBR Green I stained cells which were incubated with the surfaces for 30 min.

Fig. 7. Percentages of adhesion area of (a) P. aeruginosa, (b) D. vulgaris, (c) C. muelleri on different surfaces. The analysis was performed on CLSM images by ImageJ. Each datum is the average of 30 counts, 10 fields of view (0.15 mm2) on each of three replicates, and error bars show the standard deviation.

Fig. 8. SEM images of (a, b) P. aeruginosa, (c, d) D. vulgaris, (e, f) C. muelleri on different surfaces: (a, c, e) aluminum and (b, d, f) PAS nanofiber film.

Fig. 9. FT-IR spectra of EPS of P. aeruginosa, D. vulgaris and C. muelleri.

Table 2 Characteristic IR bands and main functional groups of EPS. EPS of aP. aeruginosa, bD. vulgaris, and cC. muelleri.

Wavenumber (cm^-1)	Vibration type	Functional type
3400 ^c, 3300 ^{a, b}	Stretching vibration of -OH	Hydrocarbons [33,48]
2950 ^{a, b}	Asymmetric stretching vibration of CH₂	Hydrocarbons [33,48]
1660 ^{a, b, c}	Stretching vibration of C = O (amide I)	Proteins [33,48]
1540 ^{a, b}	Stretching vibration of C-N and deformation vibration of N-H (amide II)	Proteins [33,48]
1450 ^a	Deformation vibration of CH₂	Hydrocarbons [33]
1400 ^a	Deformation vibration of -OH	Hydrocarbons [33]
1120 ^{b, c}, 1080 ^a	Stretching vibration of C-O-C	Polysaccharides [33,48]
630 ^c	“Fingerprint” zone	Phosphate or sulphate functional groups [48,49]

Fig. 10. SEM images of EPS of (a, b) P. aeruginosa, (c, d) D. vulgaris, (e, f) C. muelleri on the surfaces of (a, c, e) aluminum and (b, d, f) PAS nanofiber film.

Fig. 11. CLSM images of EPS of (a, b) P. aeruginosa, (c, d) D. vulgaris, (e, f) C. muelleri on the surfaces of (a, c, e) aluminum and (b, d, f) PAS nanofiber film; proteins and polysaccharides represented by the green and blue moieties, respectively.

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