Microbiologically influenced corrosion of titanium caused by aerobic marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.08.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a big threat to the strength and safety of many metallic materials used in different environments throughout the world. The metabolites and bioactivity of the microorganisms cause severe deterioration on the metals. In this study, MIC of pure titanium (Ti) was studied in the presence of a highly corrosive aerobic marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results obtained from electrochemical test showed that Ti was corrosion resistant in the abiotic culture medium after 14 d, while the increased corrosion current density (i_corr) obtained from polarization curves and the decreased charge transfer resistance (R_ct) from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated the accelerated corrosion of Ti caused by P. aeruginosa biofilm. For further confirmation of the above results, the surface of Ti was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to the XPS results, TiO₂ was formed in both abiotic and biotic conditions, while unstable oxide Ti₂O₃ was detected in the presence of P. aeruginosa, leading to the defects in the passive film and localized corrosion. Pitting corrosion was investigated with the help of CLSM, and the largest pit depth found on Ti surface immersed in P. aeruginosa was 1.2 μm. Ti was not immune to MIC caused by P. aeruginosa.

Key words: Ti, Microbiologically influenced corrosion, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

M. Saleem Khan, Zhong Li, Ke Yang, Dake Xu, Chunguang Yang, Dan Liu, Yassir Lekbach, Enze Zhou, Phuri Kalnaowakul. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of titanium caused by aerobic marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(1): 216-222.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Chemical composition (wt%) of Ti used in this study.

Elements	Cu	Fe	C	N	O	H	Ti
Amount	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.002	0.10	0.001	Balance

Fig. 1. Polarization curves of Ti immersed in testing medium with and without P. aeruginosa for 14 d.

Table 2 Corrosion parameters acquired from polarization curve of Ti with and without P. aeruginosa inoculation.

Sample	i_corr (nA/cm²)	E_corr (mV vs. SCE)
Ti in sterile medium	2.1?±?0.2	-654.0
Ti in bacterial broth	8.7?±?1.6	-348.0

Fig. 2. Nyquist (a, c) and Bode (b, d) plots of Ti immersed in testing medium without (a, b) and with (c, d) inoculation for 14 d.

Fig. 3. Applied physical models (a, c) and corresponding equivalent circuits (b, d) used for fitting EIS data of Ti immersed in testing medium without (a, b) and with (c, d) inoculation for 14 d.

Table 3 Impedance parameters for Ti immersed in inoculated culture medium.

Immersion time (d)	R_s (Ω cm²)	C_pa (μF/cm²)	R_b (Ω cm²)	C_dl (μF cm^-2)	R_ct (kΩ cm²)
1	5.3	16.0	1090.0	15.0	785.0
4	7.2	15.0	804.1	16.1	475.5
7	8.3	12.3	653.1	17.6	438.4
10	6.5	10.6	762.7	15.7	768.0
14	7.4	9.7	2076.0	9.9	1737.0

Table 4 Impedance parameters for Ti immersed in culture medium without inoculation.

Immersion time (d)	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q_dl (10^-5 Ω^-1 Sⁿ?cm^-2)	n	R_ct (kΩ cm²)
1	35.9	2.8	0.9	1117.0
4	12.2	2.7	0.8	2037.0
7	10.2	2.2	0.9	1296.0
10	9.9	2.8	0.8	1350.0
14	11.1	1.2	0.8	1760.0

Fig. 4. Biofilm morphologies on Ti surfaces: (a) SEM image; (b) CLSM image.

Fig. 5. Pitting morphologies for Ti immersed in sterile medium (a) and P. aeruginosa broth (b) for 14 d.

Fig. 6. XPS results for Ti immersed for 14 d in culture medium without (a) and with (b) inoculation.

Fig. 7. 2p spectra of Ti immersed for 14 d in testing medium without (a) and with (b) inoculation.

References

[1]	I.M. Pohrelyuk, V.M. Fedirko, O.V. Tkachuk, R.V. Proskurnyak, Corros. Sci. 66(2013) 392-398.
[2]	V.M.C.A. Oliveira, C. Aguiar, A.M. Vazquez, A. Robin, M.J.R.Barboza, Corros. Sci.88(2014) 317-327.
[3]	H. Ahn, D. Lee, K.M. Lee, K. Lee, D. Baek, S.W. Park, Surf. Coat. Technol. 202(2008) 5784-5789. [4] S. Chen, B.H. Wu, D. Xie, F. Jiang, J. Liu, H.L. Sun, S. Zhu, B. Bai, Y.X. Leng, N.Huang, H. Sun, Surf. Coat. Technol. 252(2014) 8-14.
[5]	L.L.G. da Silva, M.Ueda, M.M. Silva, E.N. Codaro, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201(2007) 8136-8139.
[6]	R. Narayanan, S.K. Seshadri, Corros. Sci. 50(2008) 1521-1529.
[7]	L.T. Duarte, S.R. Biaggio, R.C.Rocha-Filho, N.Bocchi, Corros. Sci. 72(2013)35-40.
[8]	J. Fojt, L. Joska, J. Málek, Corros. Sci. 71(2013) 78-83.
[9]	Y. Li, L. Qu, F. Wang, Corros. Sci. 45(2003) 1367-1381.
[10]	Y.J. Park, H.J. Song, I. Kim, H.S. Yang, J. Mater. Sci.Mater. Med. 18(2007)565-575.
[11]	Y. Luo, S. Ge, H. Liu, Z. Jin, J. Biomech. 42(2009) 2708-2711.
[12]	Y. Deng, Q. Guan, Mater, Lett. 146(2015) 1-3.
[13]	C. Cui, B. Hu, L. Zhao, S. Liu, Mater. Des. 32(2011) 1684-1691.
[14]	J. Qu, P.J. Blau, B.C. Jolly, Wear267 (2009) 818-822.
[15]	B. Zhang, B. Wang, L. Li, Y. Zheng, Den. Mater. 27(2011) 214-220.
[16]	A. Neville, B.A.B.McDougall, Wear 250-251(2001) 726-735.
[17]	A. Neville, B.A.B.McDougall, Proc.Inst. Mech. Eng. 216(2002) 31-41.
[18]	M.D. Bermúdez, F.J. Carrión, G. Martínez-Nicolás, R. López, Wear258 (2005)693-700.
[19]	C. Pillay, J. Lin, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 83(2013) 158-165.
[20]	S. Yuan, S. Pehkonen, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces59 (2007) 87-99.
[21]	J. Wu, D. Zhang, P. Wang, Y. Cheng, S. Sun, Y. Sun, S. Chen, Corros. Sci. 112(2016) 552-562.
[22]	J.G. Black, E.F. Toros, Rio de Janeiro, 2002.
[23]	Y. Li, D. Xu, C. Chen, X. Li, R. Jia, D. Zhang, W. Sand, F. Wang, T. Gu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 34(2018) 1713-1718.
[24]	H. Qian, D. Xu, C. Du, D. Zhang, X. Li, L. Huang, L. Deng, Y. Tu, J.M. Mol, H.A.Terryn, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater.Energy Sustain. 5(2017) 2355-2364.
[25]	J. Stott, Corros. Sci. 35(1993) 667-673.
[26]	J. Xia, C. Yang, D. Xu, D. Sun, L. Nan, Z. Sun, Q. Li, T. Gu, K. Yang, Biofouling 31(2015) 481-492.
[27]	E. Hamzah, M. Hussain, Z. Ibrahim, A. Abdolahi, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 48(2013) 116-120.
[28]	E. Hamzah, M. Hussain, Z. Ibrahim, A. Abdolahi, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39(2014)6863-6870.
[29]	N.O. San, H. Naz?r, G. Domez, Corros. Sci. 79(2014) 177-183.
[30]	S. Yuan, A.M. Choong, S. Pehkonen, Corros. Sci. 49(2007) 4352-4385.
[31]	H. Li, C. Yang, E. Zhou, C. Yang, H. Feng, Z. Jiang, D. Xu, T. Gu, K. Yang, J. Mater.Sci.Technol. 33(2017) 1596-1603.
[32]	P. Beese, H. Venzlaff, J. Srinivasan, J. Garrelfs, M. Stratmann, K.J. Mayrhofer,Electrochim. Acta105 (2013) 239-247.
[33]	Y. Jin,T. Zhang, Y. Samaranayake, H. Fang, H. Yip,L. Samaranayake, Mycopathologia 159(2005) 353-360.
[34]	J. Wen, K. Zhao, T. Gu, I.I. Raad, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 63(2009)1102-1106.
[35]	H. Li, E. Zhou, D. Zhang, D. Xu, J. Xia, C. Yang, H. Feng, Z. Jiang, X. Li, T. Gu, Sci.Rep. 6(2016) 20190.
[36]	S. Yuan, B. Liang, Y. Zhao, S. Pehkonen, Corros. Sci. 74(2013) 353-366.
[37]	S. Yuan, F. Xu, S. Pehkonen, Y. Ting, E. Kang, K. Neoh, J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(2008) C196-C210.
[38]	Z. Qin, X. Pang, L. Qiao, M. Khodayari, A.A. Volinsky, Appl. Surf. Sci. 303(2014)282-289.
[39]	Z. Qin, X. Pang, Y. Yan, L. Qiao, H.T. Tran, A.A. Volinsky, Corros. Sci. 78(2014)287-292.
[40]	H. Lu, K. Gao, L. Qiao, Y. Wang, W. Chu, Corrosion56 (2000) 1112-1118.
[41]	J.D. Brooks, S.H. Flint, Int. J. Food Sci.Technol. 43(2008) 2163-2176.
[42]	L.D. Renner, D.B. Weibel, MRS Bull. 36(2011) 347-355.
[43]	H. Li, C. Yang, E. Zhou, C. Yang, H. Feng, Z. Jiang, D. Xu, T. Gu, K. Yang, J. Mater.Sci.Technol. 33(2017) 1596-1603.
[44]	P. Li, Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, D. Xu, C. Yang, T. Zhang, T. Gu, K. Yang, J. Mater.Sci.Technol. 33(2017) 723-727.
[45]	D. Xu, J. Xia, E. Zhou, D. Zhang, H. Li, C. Yang, Q. Li, H. Lin, X. Li, K. Yang,Bioelectrochemistry113 (2017) 1-8.
[46]	E. Zhou, H. Li, C. Yang, J. Wang, D. Xu, D. Zhang, T. Gu, Int. Biodeterior.Biodegrad. 127(2018) 1-9.
[47]	A. Cournet, M. Berge, C. Roques, A. Bergel, M.L. Delia, Electrochim. Acta 55(2010) 4902-4908.
[48]	K.A. Zarasvand, V.R. Rai, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 87(2014) 66-74.
[49]	R. Jia, J.L. Tan, P. Jin, D.J. Blackwood, D. Xu, T. Gu, Corros. Sci. 130(2018) 1-11.
[50]	D. Xu, Y. Li, F. Song, T. Gu, Corros. Sci. 77(2013) 385-390.
[51]	D. Xu, Y. Li, T. Gu, Bioelectrochemistry110 (2016) 52-58.
[52]	P. Zhang, D. Xu, Y. Li, K. Yang, T. Gu, Bioelectrochemistry101 (2015) 14-21.
[53]	T.S. Gunasekera, R.C. Striebich, S.S. Mueller, E.M. Strobel, O.N. Ruiz, Environ.Sci. Technol. 47(2013) 13449-13458.
[54]	X.Y. Yong, D.Y. Shi, Y.L. Chen, F. Jiao, X. Lin, J. Zhou, S.Y. Wang, Y.C. Yong, Y.M.Sun, P.K.OuYang, Bioresour.Technol. 152(2014) 220-224.
[55]	X.Y. Yong, J. Feng, Y.L. Chen, D.Y. Shi, Y.S. Xu, J. Zhou, S.Y. Wang, L. Xu, Y.C.Yong, Y.M. Sun, Biosens. Bioelectron. 56(2014) 19-25.
[56]	J. Busalmen, M. Vazquez, S. De Sánchez, Electrochim. Acta47 (2002)1857-1865.
[57]	A. Cournet, M. Bergé, C. Roques, A. Bergel, M.L. Délia, Electrochim. Acta 55(2010) 4902-4908.
[58]	Y. Huang, E. Zhou, C. Jiang, R. Jia, S. Liu, D. Xu, T. Gu, F. Wang, Electrochem.Commun. 94(2018) 9-13.