Microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel by halophilic archaea Natronorubrum tibetense

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.04.047

Abstract

Abstract:

The corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel (SS) in the presence of aerobic halophilic archaea Natronorubrum tibetense was investigated. After 14 days of immersion, no obvious pitting pit was observed on the SS surface in the sterile medium. By contrast, the SS exhibited serious pitting corrosion with the largest pit depth of 5.0 μm in the inoculated mediumthe inoculated medium. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the detrimental Fe²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ increased in the passive film under the influence of archaea N. tibetense, which resulted in the accelerated deterioration of passive film and promoted the pitting corrosion. Combined with the energy starvation tests, the microbiologically influenced corrosion mechanism of 304 SS caused by halophilic archaea N. tibetense was discussed finally.

Key words: Stainless, Steel, Archaea, Microbiological influenced corrosion

Hongchang Qian, Lingwei Ma, Dawei Zhang, Ziyu Li, Luyao Huang, Yuntian Lou, Cuiwei Du. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel by halophilic archaea Natronorubrum tibetense[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 46: 12-20.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1 Comparison of four groups in the starvation tests.

Group	A	B	C	D
N. tibetense	√	√	√	√
Organic energy sources	√	√(50%)
stainless steel	√	√	√

Fig. 1. SEM images of SS surface after 14 days of exposure in (a) the sterile medium and (b) the inoculated medium, and (c) the enlarged SEM image of biofilm.

Fig. 2. Fluorescence microscope images of the N. tibetense biofilms on the sample surfaces after (a1, a2) 3 days, (b1, b2) 7 days and (c1, c2) 14 days of exposure in inoculated media.

Fig. 3. (a) Biofilm coverage rate and (b) biofilm thickness of the N. tibetense biofilms on the sample surfaces after different days of exposure in inoculated media.

Fig. 4. (a) Average diameter and (b) average depth of the pitting pits on the sample surfaces after different days of exposure in sterile and inoculated media.

Fig. 5. Maximum depth of the pitting pits on the sample surfaces after (a) 7 and (b) 14 days of exposure in inoculated media.

Fig. 6. EIS results of the samples in (a, b) the sterile media and (c, d) the N. tibetense inoculated media after different days.

Fig. 7. Electrical equivalent circuits used for fitting EIS spectra.

Fig. 8. Evolution of Rp values of the samples in different media.

Fig. 9. (a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves and (b) Mott-Schottky curves of the samples after 14 days of exposure in different media.

Table 2 Doping density of the passive film on 304 SS after 14 days of exposure in the sterile and inoculated media.

	N_D (cm^-3)	N_A (cm^-3)
Sterile medium	2.14 × 10²¹	3.64 × 10²¹
Inoculated medium	3.10 × 10²¹	4.45 × 10²¹

Fig. 10. High resolution XPS spectra of Fe 2p in (a) the sterile medium and (b) the inoculated medium after 14 days of exposure; High resolution XPS spectra of Cr 2p in (c) the sterile medium and (d) the inoculated medium after 14 days of exposure.

Table 3 Relative quantity of compounds in the Fe 2p and Cr 2p XPS spectra.

	Fe 2p				Cr 2p
	Fe	FeO	Fe₂O₃	FeOOH	Cr₂O₃	Cr(OH)₃	CrO₃
Sterile medium	0.05	0.17	0.41	0.37	0.70	0.27	0.03
Inoculated medium	0.10	0.43	0.27	0.20	0.54	0.36	0.10

Fig. 11. Concentrations of the dissolved elements in different media after 14 days of exposure.

Fig. 12. Growth conditions of N. tibetense cells in different groups.

Fig. 13. (a) Average diameter and (b) average depth of the pitting pits on the sample surfaces after different days of exposure in 50% starvation and 100% starvation media.

Fig. 14. Schematic figures of the MIC mechanism of the 304 SS (a) before and (b) after the passive film was destroyed.

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