High strength and high porosity YB2C2 ceramics prepared by a new high temperature reaction/ partial sintering process

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.09.071

Abstract

Abstract:

Porous ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are potential candidates as reusable thermal protection materials of transpiration cooling system in scramjet engine. However, low strength and low porosity are the main limitations of porous UHTCs. To overcome these problems, herein, a new and simple in-situ reaction/partial sintering process has been developed for preparing high strength and high porosity porous YB₂C₂. In this process, a simple gas-releasing in-situ reaction has been designed, and the formation and escape of gases can block the shrinkage during sintering process, which is favorable to increase the porosity of porous YB₂C₂. In order to demonstrate the advantages of the new method, porous YB₂C₂ ceramics have been fabricated from Y₂O₃, BN and graphite powders for the first time. The as-prepared porous YB₂C₂ ceramics possess high porosity of 57.17%-75.26% and high compressive strength of 9.32-34.78?MPa. The porosity, sintered density, radical shrinkage and compressive strength of porous YB₂C₂ ceramics can be controlled simply by changing the green density. Due to utilization of graphite as the carbon source, the porous YB₂C₂ ceramics show anisotropy in microstructure and mechanical behavior. These features render the porous YB₂C₂ ceramics promising as a thermal-insulating light-weight component for transpiration cooling system.

Key words: Ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs), YB₂C₂, Porous ceramics, Microstructure, Strength

Heng Chen, Huimin Xiang, Fuzhi Dai, Jiachen Liu, Yanchun Zhou. High strength and high porosity YB₂C₂ ceramics prepared by a new high temperature reaction/ partial sintering process[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(12): 2883-2891.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of samples heated at different temperatures of 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800 ℃ for 1?h in vacuum.

Fig. 2. (a) Crystal structure of P42/mmc YB2C2, (b) crystal structure of P4/mbm YB2C2.

Fig. 3. Experimental XRD pattern of as-prepared porous YB2C2, together with simulated XRD patterns of P4/mbm and P42/mmc symmetried YB2C2 for comparison.

Table 1 Green Density, Sintered Density, Porosity, Radical Shrinkage and Compressive Strength of As-Prepared Porous YB2C2 Ceramics.

Sample	Green density (g/cm³)	Sintered density (g/cm³)	Porosity (%)	Radical shrinkage (%)	Compressive strength (MPa)
1	0.63	1.08	75.26	26.93	9.32
2	0.76	1.23	71.64	25.07	12.53
3	0.83	1.32	69.66	23.25	14.99
4	0.91	1.41	67.66	22.38	16.23
5	1.14	1.51	65.37	16.90	18.37
6	1.27	1.63	62.56	14.76	20.62
7	1.39	1.72	60.45	13.16	31.54
8	1.47	1.85	57.17	12.37	34.78

Fig. 4. Photographs of green bodies (left) and the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics (right).

Fig. 5. (a) Sintered density and porosity of the as-synthesized porous YB2C2 ceramics as a function of green density, (b) effect of green density on radical shrinkage of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics.

Fig. 6. SEM micrographs of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics with the sintered density of 1.51?g/cm3.

Fig. 7. Compressive strengths of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics versus porosities (Tested in the direction parallel to forming direction).

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of the evolution of the porous structure during the preparation of porous YB2C2 ceramics.

Fig. 9. (a) Compressive strength of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics versus porosities in two loading directions, (b) two representative compressive stress-strain curves of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics with the porosity of 57.75% in two loading directions.

Fig. 10. (a) and (b) SEM micrographs of as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics with the sintered density of 1.67?g/cm3, (c) and (d) SEM micrographs of the sample tested in ∥direction, (e) and (f) SEM micrographs of the sample tested in ⊥ direction.

Fig. 11. SEM micrographs of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics with the sintered density of 1.53?g/cm3 using carbon black as the carbon source.

Fig. 12. Compressive strengths of the as-prepared porous YB2C2 ceramics using different carbon sources versus porosities in parallel to forming direction.

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High strength and high porosity YB₂C₂ ceramics prepared by a new high temperature reaction/ partial sintering process

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