Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the preparation of GATA hydrogel and photographs of the GATA hydrogel in assorted shapes.

Fig. 2. Mechanical properties of GATA hydrogels. (a) Tensile stress-strain curves. (b) Compressive stress-strain curves of GATA hydrogels with varying Gel concentrations. (c) Tensile stress-strain curves. (d) Compressive stress-strain curves of GATA hydrogels with varying TA concentrations.

Fig. 3. Adhesive properties of GATA hydrogels. (a) GATA hydrogel adhered to various substrates, including glass, plastic, rubber metal, PTFE, and wood. (b) Schematic illustration of the tensile adhesion test. (c) The adhesive strength of GATA hydrogels for different materials measured by tensile adhesion tests. (d) The adhesive strength of different materials for GATA hydrogels with diverse TA concentrations.

Fig. 4. Self-healing properties of GATA hydrogels. (a) GATA hydrogel is cut into two parts, recombined, and stretched. (b) Stress-strain curves of GATA hydrogels which were cut and self-healed for 3 h under different temperatures. (c) Typical stress-strain curves of the original and self-healed GATA hydrogels with different healing times at 60 °C. (d) The self-healing efficiency of GATA hydrogels as a function of healing time at 60 °C. (e) G′ and G″ of the GATA hydrogel in alternate step strain test with a strain of 1 and 300% at a time interval of 100 s.

Fig. 5. Schematic of the self-healing mechanism of GATA hydrogel.

Fig. 6. Electrical performance of GATA hydrogel. (a) The relationship between the electrical resistance and the tensile deformation of GATA hydrogel. (b) Resistance changes of the hydrogel sensor in the process of step strain from 100% to 600%. (c) Stability of the sensors when stretching 10 turns at 600% strain. (d) Stability of the sensors when stretching 170 cycles at 100% strain.

Fig. 7. Demonstration of the GATA hydrogel as sensors to monitor different human motions. Relative resistance changes when bending (a) finger, (b) wrist, (c) elbow, (d) knee.