J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2020, Vol. 59: 83-91.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.04.056
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Ruishan Xiea,b, Qingyu Shia,b,*(), Gaoqiang Chena,b
Received:
2020-03-05
Revised:
2020-04-04
Accepted:
2020-04-09
Published:
2020-12-15
Online:
2020-12-18
Contact:
Qingyu Shi
Ruishan Xie, Qingyu Shi, Gaoqiang Chen. Improved distortion prediction in additive manufacturing using an experimental-based stress relaxation model[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 59: 83-91.
Fig. 2. Schematic of the stress relaxation experiment: (a) the dimensions of samples, and (b) the evolution history of temperature-stress-strain during the experiment.
Temperature (℃) | A | n |
---|---|---|
600 | 5.37 × 10-27 | 6.47 |
700 | 2.13 × 10-29 | 8.22 |
800 | 7.31 × 10-23 | 7.16 |
Table 1 Values of A and n at different temperatures.
Temperature (℃) | A | n |
---|---|---|
600 | 5.37 × 10-27 | 6.47 |
700 | 2.13 × 10-29 | 8.22 |
800 | 7.31 × 10-23 | 7.16 |
Temperature, T (℃) | Expansion coefficient, α(μm/(mK)) | Elastic modulus, E(×10GPa) | Yield strength, σY(×102MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
20 | 8.64 | 10.4 | 7.68 |
93 | 8.82 | 10.0 | 7.35 |
205 | 9.09 | 9.42 | 6.85 |
250 | 9.20 | 9.18 | 6.65 |
315 | 9.33 | 8.84 | 6.35 |
425 | 9.55 | 8.26 | 5.86 |
500 | 9.70 | 7.86 | 5.52 |
540 | 9.70 | 7.65 | 5.34 |
650 | 9.70 | 7.07 | 4.85 |
760 | 9.70 | 6.49 | 4.35 |
800 | 9.70 | 4.81 | 3.27 |
900 | 9.70 | 0.6 | 0.57 |
1600 | 9.70 | 0.6 | 0.57 |
Table 2 Temperature-dependent material parameters [25].
Temperature, T (℃) | Expansion coefficient, α(μm/(mK)) | Elastic modulus, E(×10GPa) | Yield strength, σY(×102MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
20 | 8.64 | 10.4 | 7.68 |
93 | 8.82 | 10.0 | 7.35 |
205 | 9.09 | 9.42 | 6.85 |
250 | 9.20 | 9.18 | 6.65 |
315 | 9.33 | 8.84 | 6.35 |
425 | 9.55 | 8.26 | 5.86 |
500 | 9.70 | 7.86 | 5.52 |
540 | 9.70 | 7.65 | 5.34 |
650 | 9.70 | 7.07 | 4.85 |
760 | 9.70 | 6.49 | 4.35 |
800 | 9.70 | 4.81 | 3.27 |
900 | 9.70 | 0.6 | 0.57 |
1600 | 9.70 | 0.6 | 0.57 |
Fig. 7. (a) Experimental set-up to measure the final distortion of the substrate. (b) Schematic diagram of the measurement area, and (c) locations of the measurement points at the substrate.
Fig. 10. Final distortion distribution of the bottom of substrate (a) simulation-without relaxation model, (b) simulation-with relaxation model, (c) experiment, and (d) comparison of the final distortion along the center line.
Fig. 11. (a) Displacement history of point A (as indicated in Fig. 9) when deposing the first three layers. The longitudinal stress distribution of the substrate at selected time: (b) t = 1 s, (c) t = 6 s, (d) t = 8 s, (e) t = 9 s and (f) t = 16 s. (g) enlarged image of the selected area in Fig. 11(e).
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