Hierarchical graphene@MXene composite foam modified with flower-shaped FeS for efficient and broadband electromagnetic absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.06.018

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing high-performance broadband microwave absorption material becomes an urgent concern in the field of electromagnetic protection. In this work, an ultralight magnetic composite foam was constructed by electrostatic self-assembly of MXene on the surface of graphene skeletons, and subsequent hydrothermal anchoring of flower-shaped FeS clusters. Under the synergistic effect of MXene coating increasing conductive loss and FeS clusters improving magnetic loss, the rational construction of hierarchical impedance structure in foam can effectively promote the entrance and consumption of more incident electromagnetic waves. The minimum reflection loss (RL_min) reaches -47.17 dB at a thickness of 4.78 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is up to 6.15 GHz. More importantly, the microwave absorption performance of composite foam can be further optimized by controlling the loading of MXene and thermal treatment at a low temperature. The maximum of EAB for GMF-300 can be extended to an unprecedented value of 11.20 GHz (covering 6.10-17.30 GHz).

Key words: Graphene, Mxene, Iron sulfide, Hierarchical structure, Foam, Microwave absorption

Shuangshuang Li, XinweiTang , Xu Zhao, Shijie Lu, Jiangtao Luo, Zheyuan Chai, Tiantian Ma, Qianqian Lan, Piming Ma, Weifu Dong, Zicheng Wang, Tianxi Liu. Hierarchical graphene@MXene composite foam modified with flower-shaped FeS for efficient and broadband electromagnetic absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2023, 133: 238-248.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. (a) Preparation process of GN/MXene/FeS foam; SEM images of those foams: (b, f) rGO; (c, g) rGO/MXene; (d, h) rGO/MXene/FeS; (e, i) GN/MXene/FeS (The small picture embedded in the upper left corner is a partial magnification of 5000 times).

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns of FeS, rGO, MXene, rGO/MXene, and rGO/MXene/FeS; (b) XPS spectra and (c) hysteresis loops of rGO, rGO/MXene, and rGO/MXene/FeS foam.

Fig. 3. (a) Real parts and (b) imaginary parts of complex permittivity; (c) dielectric loss tangent of the foams; Cole-Cole curves of (d) rGO, (e) rGO/MXene, and (f) rGO/MXenen/FeS foam.

Fig. 4. (a) Real parts and (b) imaginary parts of complex permeability. (c) magnetic loss tangent, and (d) C0 value of the composite foams.

Fig. 5. Microwave absorption mechanisms in rGO/MXene/FeS foam: (a) interfacial polarization; multiple reflection/scattering in (b) foam and (c) FeS clusters; (d) conductive loss; (e) magnetic loss.

Fig. 6. Impedance matching 2D contour maps (|Zin/Z0|) of (a) rGO, (b) rGO/MXene, and (c) rGO/MXene/FeS, and (d) attenuation constant of the corresponding foams.

Fig. 7. 3D reflection loss, the corresponding 2D contour and 2D reflection loss maps of the foams: (a, d, g) rGO; (b, e, h) rGO/MXene; (c, f, i) rGO/MXene/FeS.

Fig. 8. 3D reflection loss, corresponding 2D contour, and 2D reflection loss maps of the foams: (a, e, i) rGMF-10; (b, f, j) rGMF-20; (c, g, k) rGMF-30; (d, h, l) rGMF-40.

Fig. 9. 3D reflection loss, the corresponding 2D contour and 2D reflection loss maps of the foams: (a, e, i) GMF-0; (b, f, j) GMF-200; (c, g, k) GMF-300; (d, h, l) GMF-400.

Table 1. MA performance of the porous materials reported recently.

Empty Cell	Density (mg/cm³)	RL_min (dB)	Thickness (mm)	Range (GHz)	EAB (GHz)	EAB_max (GHz)	Refs.
PI-GP_1/3-rGO	63.7	-32.90	4.00	8.26-14.48	6.22	6.22	[23]
GF/PA	3.8	-36.50	6.00	6.0-12.0	6.00	8.42	[57]
NRGO/NiFe₂O₄	10	-60.60	1.50	13.40-18.00	4.60	5.50	[58]
MXene/polyimide	12	-41.80	4.00	14.50-18.00	3.50	6.50	[59]
Co_1.29Ni_1.71O₄/rGO/CF	16.3	-53.45	3.00	10.55-18.00	7.45	7.45	[60]
MXene/cellulose	310	-43.40	2.00	9.50-14.00	4.50	5.15	[61]
MX/CF/Epoxy	10-20	-41.46	1.83	10.58-15.25	4.67	4.67	[62]
Porous graphene	40-50	-42.9	4.00	5.80-7.30	1.50	5.59	[63]
Ni/carbon	100	-45.00	2.00	11.40-16.00	4.60	4.60	[64]
rGO/MoS₂	8.4	-62.92	2.27	9.0-13.4	4.40	4.48	[65]
FeNi@graphene	13.1	-39.39	2.0	11.4-15.8	4.40	8.40	[66]
graphene@SiC	72	-47.3	3	8.5-13.2	4.70	5.40	[67]
rGO/MXene/FeS	12.1	-47.17	4.78	6.41-12.56	6.15	6.39	This work
rGMF-300	11.9	-50.68	4.08	6.91-16.57	9.66	11.20	This work

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