J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 95: 105-113.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.03.066
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Wenbin Zhanga, Bei Liua, Mei Yanga,d,**(
), Yijiang Liua, Huaming Lia,b, Pingle Liuc,*()
Received:2020-11-30
Revised:2021-03-24
Accepted:2021-03-25
Published:2021-12-30
Online:2021-05-25
Contact:
Mei Yang,Pingle Liu
About author:* E-mail addresses: liupingle@xtu.edu.cn (P. Liu).Wenbin Zhang, Bei Liu, Mei Yang, Yijiang Liu, Huaming Li, Pingle Liu. Biowaste derived porous carbon sponge for high performance supercapacitors[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 95: 105-113.
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration for preparing SPHA-x and SPHA-ac-700-x (top). (a-c) The compression-recovery process of SPHA-700, the recorded deformation developed by compression for 100 cycles at strain = 50% (inset of (c)), (d, e) SEM images of the interior microstructures of SPHA-700 corresponding to the compression-recovery process, respectively, (f) digital photograph of a piece of SPHA-700 standing on the slender pubescence of Setaria viridis, showing the ultralight performance.
| Samples | BET | XPS | Csd (F g-1) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSA (m2 g-1) | Pore volume (cm3 g-1) | Elemental content (at.%) | O configuration (%) | N configuration (%) | ||||||||
| C | N | O | C = O | C-O | C-OH | P-Na | G-Nb | N-Oc | ||||
| SPHA-700 | 794.2 | 0.51 | 86.7 | 4.5 | 8.8 | 34.7 | 36.3 | 29.0 | 23.6 | 48.4 | 28.0 | 303.8 |
| SPHA-ac-700-2 | 1900.2 | 1.15 | 86.1 | 3.3 | 10.6 | 39.1 | 40.1 | 20.8 | 15.6 | 53.9 | 30.5 | 403.6 |
Table 1 Compositional analyses, textural and electrochemical properties of SPHA-700 and SPHA-ac-700-2.
| Samples | BET | XPS | Csd (F g-1) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSA (m2 g-1) | Pore volume (cm3 g-1) | Elemental content (at.%) | O configuration (%) | N configuration (%) | ||||||||
| C | N | O | C = O | C-O | C-OH | P-Na | G-Nb | N-Oc | ||||
| SPHA-700 | 794.2 | 0.51 | 86.7 | 4.5 | 8.8 | 34.7 | 36.3 | 29.0 | 23.6 | 48.4 | 28.0 | 303.8 |
| SPHA-ac-700-2 | 1900.2 | 1.15 | 86.1 | 3.3 | 10.6 | 39.1 | 40.1 | 20.8 | 15.6 | 53.9 | 30.5 | 403.6 |
Fig. 2. SEM images at different magnifications of SPHA (a-c) and SPHA-700 (d-f), SEM image (g), TEM image (h) and HRTEM image (i) of SPHA-ac-700-2.
Fig. 3. Structural and composition characterizations: (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of SPHA-x and SPHA-ac-700-x, (c) high-resolution O 1 s spectra and (d) N 1 s spectra of SPHA-700 and SPHA-ac-700-2, (e) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (f) the pore size distributions of SPHA-x and SPHA-ac-700-x.
Fig. 4. The capacitance performances of SPHA-x in 6.0 M KOH electrolyte at three-electrode system: (a) CV profiles tested at 5 mV s-1 and 200 mV s-1, (b) GCD profiles tested at 0.5 A g-1 and 20 A g-1, (c) the correlations of Cs value with current loadings for SPHA-600, SPHA-700 and SPHA-800 electrodes. The capacitance performances of solid-state SPHA-700//SPHA-700 supercapacitor: (d) schematic illustration for the construction of solid-state SPHA-700//SPHA-700 supercapacitor, (e) CV curves tested at different scan rates, (f) GCD curves tested at different current densities, (g) Nyquist plot, (h) GCD curves tested at different bending angles, (i) digital photographs of solid-state SPHA-700//SPHA-700 supercapacitor at different bending angles.
Fig. 5. Electrochemical properties of SPHA-ac-700-2 in three-electrode system: (a) CV curves tested at the scan rates of 5-500 mV s-1, (b) GCD curves tested at the current densities of 0.5-60 A g-1, (c) specific capacitances at different current densities, (d) Nyquist plot.
Fig. 6. Electrochemical characterizations of SPHA-ac-700-2//SPHA-ac-700-2 supercapacitor: (a, b) CV profiles at various scan rates, (c) GCD profiles at various current densities in 6.0 M KOH electrolyte, (d) cycling performances (inset: Ragone plot and photograph of a LED powered by SPHA-ac-700-2//SPHA-ac-700-2 supercapacitor) in 6 M KOH electrolytes, (e) GCD profiles at different operating voltages, (f) Ragone plot in 1.0 M Na2SO4.
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