Influence of strain rate and crystallographic orientation on dynamic recrystallization of pure Zn during room-temperature compression

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.12.077

Abstract

Abstract:

This work investigates the strain rate dependence of dynamic recrystallization behaviour of high-purity zinc in room temperature compression under strain rates of 10^-4 s^-1, 10^-2 s^-1 and 0.5 s^-1. Results from electron backscatter diffraction provide insight into the deformation and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms operative. Continuous dynamic recrystallization, twin-induced dynamic recrystallization, and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization are all active under compressive deformation at room temperature. Due to the high stacking fault energy of Zn, continuous dynamic recrystallization is the dominant mechanism while discontinuous dynamic recrystallization only operates in the early stages of compression at 10^-4 s^-1. Dynamic recrystallization kinetics are enhanced at higher strain rates (10^-2 s^-1 and 0.5 s^-1) due to an increased contribution from twin-induced dynamic recrystallization. The present study reveals that the controlling mechanisms for continuous dynamic recrystallization are basal < a> slip and 2 ^nd order pyramidal < c + a> slip activity. Because the activation of slip systems is mainly determined by crystallographic orientation, continuous dynamic recrystallization behaviour varies with grain orientation according to their propensity for basal and 2 ^nd order pyramidal slip.

Key words: Zinc, Dynamic recrystallization, Crystallographic orientation, Schmid factor, EBSD

Shiyang Liu, Damon Kent, Hongyi Zhan, Nghiem Doan, Chang Wang, Sen Yu, Matthew Dargusch, Gui Wang. Influence of strain rate and crystallographic orientation on dynamic recrystallization of pure Zn during room-temperature compression[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 86: 237-250.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of as-cast pure Zn cylinder and compression specimens, (b) deformed specimen compressed at 0.5 s-1 to a strain of 161 %, and (c) schematic diagram of a deformed specimen showing the assigned observation directions.

Fig. 2. (a) True stress-strain curves and (b) strain hardening rate curves for as-cast pure Zn compressed at strain rates of 10-4 s-1, 10-2 s-1, and 0.5 s-1.

Fig. 3. Optical micrographs of Zn specimens strained to 11 % at (a) 10-4 s-1, (b) 10-2 s-1, and (c) 0.5 s-1.

Fig. 4. Optical micrographs of Zn specimens strained to 22 % at a strain rate of (a) 10-4 s-1, (b) being a magnified image of the red highlighted rectangular region in (a), (c) 10-2 s-1, (d) being a magnified image of the red highlighted rectangular region in (c) and (e) 0.5 s-1, (f) being a magnified image of the red highlighted rectangular in (e).

Fig. 5. (a) EBSD IPF map of specimens strained to 22 % at a strain rate of 10-4 s-1, (b) corresponding GOS map of (a), (c) crystal orientations of framed grains in (b), and (d) the IGMA distribution for regions (A-B). (The hexagons show the crystal orientation at the corresponding sites).

Fig. 6. (a) EBSD IPF map of specimens strained to 22 % at a strain rate of 10-2 s-1, (b) the corresponding GOS map of (a), (c) isolated grains in (a), and (d) the IGMA distribution for regions (C-E). (The hexagons show the crystal orientation at the corresponding sites).

Fig. 7. (a) EBSD IPF map of specimens strained to 22 % at a strain rate of 0.5 s-1, (b) the corresponding GOS map of (a), (c) isolated grains in region (F), and the corresponding IGMA distribution of region (F). (The hexagons show the crystal orientation at the corresponding sites).

Fig. 8. Optical micrographs of Zn specimens strained to 51 % at a strain rate of (a) 10-4 s-1, (b) being a magnified image of the red rectangular region in (a), (c) 10-2 s-1, (d) being a magnified image of the red rectangular region in (c) and (e) 0.5 s-1, (f) being a magnified image of the red rectangular region in (e).

Fig. 9. EBSD IPF map of Zn specimens strained to 51 % at a strain rate of (a) 10-4 s-1, (d) 10-2 s-1, (g) 0.5 s-1, (b, e and h) IPF maps of sub-structured grains (GOS value > 1.5°), and (c,f and g) newly formed DRXed grains (GOS value < 1.5°) with their corresponding PFs. (The hexagons show the crystal orientation at the corresponding sites, and Fig. 9(g) is reproduced from the authours' previous study [27].).

Fig. 10. Optical micrographs of Zn specimens strained to 161 % at a strain rate of (a) 10-4 s-1, (b) being a magnified image of the red rectangular region in (a), (c) 10-2 s-1, (d) being a magnified image of the red rectangular region in (c) and (e) 0.5 s-1, (f) being a magnified image of the red rectangular region in (e). (Fig. 11(e-f) is reproduced from the authours' previous study [27].).

Fig. 11. EBSD IPF map of Zn specimens strained to 161 % at a strain rate of (a) 10-4 s-1, (b) 10-2 s-1, (c) 0.5 s-1, with their corresponding PFs. (Fig. 11(c) is reproduced from the authours' previous study [27], the scale bar of (c) differs with (a-b).).

Table 1 SFpyramidal vs. SFbasal values and P/B ratio of selected domains in Figs. 5(a) and 6 (a).

Domains	A	B	C	D	E
SF_pyramidal	0.32	0.46	0.41	0.42	0.39
SF_basal	0.48	0.19	0.05	0.09	0.22
P/B Ratio	0.67	2.09	8.2	4.67	1.77
Domains	F	G	H	I	J
SF_pyramidal	0.49	0.48	0.43	0.49	0.49
SF_basal	0.33	0.3	0.16	0.18	0.21
P/B Ratio	1.48	1.6	2.69	2.72	2.33

Fig. 12. (a) The plot of SFpyramidal vs. SFbasal for the domains C - M, and (b) type (ⅲ) domains C-E, (c) type (ⅱ) domains F-I, and (d) type (ⅰ) domains J-M and their corresponding crystal orientation.

References 90

[1]	D.H. Zhu, I. Cockerill, Y.C. Su, Z.X. Zhang, J.Y. Fu, K.W. Lee, J. Ma, C. Okpokwasili, L.P. Tang, Y.F. Zheng, Y.X. Qin, Y.D. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 6809-6819. DOI URL
[2]	E. Mostaed, M. Sikora-Jasinska, J.W. Drelich, M. Vedani, Acta Biomater. 71(2018) 1-23. DOI PMID
[3]	D. Vojtech, J. Kubasek, J. Serak, P. Novak, Acta Biomater. 7(2011) 3515-3522. DOI URL
[4]	J.J.D. Venezuela, S. Johnston, M.S. Dargusch, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 8(2019), e1900408.
[5]	P.K. Bowen, J. Drelich, J. Goldman, Adv. Mater. 25(2013) 2577-2582. DOI URL
[6]	G.K. Levy, J. Goldman, E. Aghion, Metals 7 (2017) 402. DOI URL
[7]	H.T. Yang, C. Wang, C.Q. Liu, H.W. Chen, Y.F. Wu, J.T. Han, Z.C. Jia, W.J. Lin, D.Y. Zhang, W.T. Li, W. Yuan, H. Guo, H.F. Li, G.X. Yang, D.L. Kong, D.H. Zhu, K. Takashima, L.Q. Ruan, J.F. Nie, X. Li, Y.F. Zheng, Biomaterials 145 (2017) 92-105. DOI URL
[8]	D.W. Zhao, F. Witte, F.Q. Lu, J.L. Wang, J.L. Li, L. Qin, Biomaterials 112 (2017) 287-302. DOI URL
[9]	Y.J. Chen, Z.G. Xu, C. Smith, J. Sankar, Acta Biomater. 10(2014) 4561-4573. DOI URL
[10]	E. Mostaed, M. Sikora-Jasinska, A. Mostaed, S. Loffredo, A.G. Demir, B. Preuitali, D. Mantouani, R. Beanland, M. Vedani, J. Mech. Behav 60(2016) 581-602.
[11]	P.K. Bowen, J.-M. Seitz, R.J. Guillory, J.P. Braykovich, S. Zhao, J. Goldman, J.W. Drelich, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B 106 (2018) 245-258. DOI URL
[12]	H.F. Li, H.T. Yang, Y.F. Zheng, F.Y. Zhou, K.J. Qiu, X. Wang, Mater. Des. 83(2015) 95-102. DOI URL
[13]	S.Y. Liu, D. Kent, N. Doan, M. Dargusch, G. Wang, Bioact. Mater. 4(2019) 8-16.
[14]	N. Yang, N. Balasubramani, J. Venezuela, S. Almathami, C. Wen, M. Dargusch, Bioact. Mater. 6(2021) 1436-1451.
[15]	C.Z. Yao, Z.C. Wang, S.L. Tay, T.P. Zhu, W. Gao, J. Alloys Compd. 602(2014) 101-107. DOI URL
[16]	X.W. Liu, J.K. Sun, Y.H. Yang, F.Y. Zhou, Z.J. Pu, L. Li, Y.F. Zheng, Mater. Lett. 162(2016) 242-245. DOI URL
[17]	J. Kubasek, D. Vojtech, E. Jablonska, I. Pospisilova, J. Lipov, T. Ruml, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 58 (2016) 24-35. DOI URL
[18]	M. Sikora-Jasinska, E. Mostaed, A. Mostaed, R. Beanland, D. Mantovani, M. Vedani, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 77 (2017) 1170-1181. DOI URL
[19]	C. Wang, Z.T. Yu, Y.J. Cui, Y.F. Zhang, S. Yu, G.Q. Qu, H.B. Gong, J. Mater. Sci 32(2016) 925-929.
[20]	S. Zhao, J.M. Seitz, R. Eifler, H.J. Maier, R.J. Guillory, E.J. Earley, A. Drelich, J. Goldman, J.W. Drelich, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 76 (2017) 301-312. DOI URL
[21]	W. Bednarczyk, M. Watroba, J. Kawalko, P. Bala, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 748 (2019) 357-366. DOI URL
[22]	K. Piela, M. Wrobel, K. Sztwiertnia, M. Jaskowski, J. Kawalko, M. Bieda, M. Kiper, A. Jarzebska, Mater. Des. 117(2017) 111-120. DOI URL
[23]	W. Bednarczyk, J. Kawalko, M. Watroba, P. Bala, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 723 (2018) 126-133. DOI URL
[24]	W. Bednarczyk, J. Kawalko, M. Watroba, N. Gao, M.J. Starink, P. Bala, T.G. Langdon, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 776 (2020), 139047. DOI URL
[25]	W. Bednarczyk, M. Watroba, J. Kawalko, P. Bala, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 759 (2019) 55-58. DOI URL
[26]	B. Srinivasarao, A.P. Zhilyaev, T.G. Langdon, M.T. Perez-Prado, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 562 (2013) 196-202. DOI URL
[27]	S. Liu, D. Kent, H. Zhan, N. Doan, M. Dargusch, G. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 784 (2020), 139325. DOI URL
[28]	K. Huang, R.E. Loge, Mater. Des. 111(2016) 548-574. DOI URL
[29]	A.H. Feng, Z.Y. Ma, Acta Mater. 57(2009) 4248-4260. DOI URL
[30]	S.G. Hong, S.H. Park, C.S. Lee, Acta Mater. 58(2010) 5873-5885. DOI URL
[31]	K.D. Molodov, T. Al-Samman, D.A. Molodov, G. Gottstein, Acta Mater. 76(2014) 314-330. DOI URL
[32]	M.W. Vaughan, W. Nasim, E. Dogan, J.S. Herrington, G. Proust, A.A. Benzerga, I. Karaman, Acta Mater. 168(2019) 448-472. DOI
[33]	S.M. Fatemi-Varzaneh, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, H. Beladi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 456 (2007) 52-57. DOI URL
[34]	T. Al-Samman, G. Gottstein, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 490 (2008) 411-420. DOI URL
[35]	M.M. Myshlyaev, H.J. McQueen, A. Mwembela, E. Konopleva, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 337 (2002) 121-133. DOI URL
[36]	T. Al-Samman, X. Li, S.G. Chowdhury, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527 (2010) 3450-3463. DOI URL
[37]	A. Orozco-Caballero, D. Lunt, J.D. Robson, J.Q. da Fonseca, Acta Mater. 133(2017) 367-379. DOI URL
[38]	A. Galiyev, R. Kaibyshev, G. Gottstein, Acta Mater. 49(2001) 1199-1207. DOI URL
[39]	C. Kienl, F.D. León-Cázares, C.M.F. Rae, Acta Mater. (2020), .
[40]	X. Liu, B.W. Zhu, C. Xie, J. Zhang, C.P. Tang, Y.Q. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 733 (2018) 98-107. DOI URL
[41]	M.G. Jiang, C. Xu, H. Yan, G.H. Fan, T. Nakata, C.S. Lao, R.S. Chen, S. Kamado, E.H. Han, B.H. Lu, Acta Mater. 157(2018) 53-71. DOI URL
[42]	M.G. Jiang, H. Yan, R.S. Chen, J. Alloys Compd. 650(2015) 399-409. DOI URL
[43]	Z. Zhang, M.P. Wang, Z. Li, N.A. Jiang, S.M. Hao, J. Gong, H.L. Hu, J. Alloys Compd. 509(2011) 5571-5580. DOI URL
[44]	L. Jiang, J.J. Jonas, R.K. Mishra, A.A. Luo, A.K. Sachdev, S. Godet, Acta Mater. 55(2007) 3899-3910. DOI URL
[45]	C.K. Yan, A.H. Feng, S.J. Qu, G.J. Cao, J.L. Sun, J. Shen, D.L. Chen, Acta Mater. 154(2018) 311-324. DOI URL
[46]	Y. Wu, H.C. Kou, Z.H. Wu, B. Tang, J.S. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 749(2018) 844-852. DOI URL
[47]	Z.R. Zhang, X.Y. Yang, Z.Y. Xiao, J. Wang, D.X. Zhang, C.M. Liu, T. Sakai, Mater. Des. 97(2016) 25-32. DOI URL
[48]	J. Su, M. Sanjari, A.H. Kabir, I.H. Jung, S. Yue, Scr. Mater. 113(2016) 198-201. DOI URL
[49]	I. Basu, T. Al-Samman, Acta Mater. 96(2015) 111-132. DOI URL
[50]	R. Kaibyshev, Woodhead Publ Mater, 2012, pp. 186-225.
[51]	M. Leonard, C. Moussa, A. Roatta, A. Seret, J.W. Signorelli, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 789 (2020), 139689. DOI URL
[52]	K. Hagihara, T. Mayama, M. Honnami, M. Yamasaki, H. Izuno, T. Okamoto, T. Ohashi, T. Nakano, Y. Kawamura, Int. J. Plast. 77(2016) 174-191. DOI URL
[53]	H. Li, Q.Q. Duan, X.W. Li, Z.F. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 466 (2007) 38-46. DOI URL
[54]	F. Cardarelli, Materials Handbook, 2018, pp. 317-695.
[55]	M.H. Yoo, Metall. Trans. A 12 (3) (1981) 409-418. DOI URL
[56]	M.H. Yoo, J.K. Lee, Philos. Mag. 63 (5) (1991) 987-1000. DOI URL
[57]	H. Abdolvand, K. Louca, C. Mareau, M. Majkut, J. Wright, Acta Mater. 196(2020) 733-746. DOI URL
[58]	M. Knezevic, M. Zecevic, I.J. Beyerlein, J.F. Bingert, R.J. McCabe, Acta Mater. 88(2015) 55-73. DOI URL
[59]	D.W. Brown, I.J. Beyerlein, T.A. Sisneros, B. Clausen, C.N. Tome, Int. J. Plast. 29(2012) 120-135. DOI URL
[60]	S. Jin, K. Marthinsen, Y.J. Li, Acta Mater. 120(2016) 403-414. DOI URL
[61]	S. Cheong, H. Weiland, Mater. Sci.Forum 558-559(2007) 153-158.
[62]	M. Kulakov, J.L. Huang, M. Ntovas, S. Moturu, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 51 (2020) 845-854. DOI
[63]	C. Xie, J.M. He, B.W. Zhu, X. Liu, J. Zhang, X.F. Wang, X.D. Shu, Q.H. Fang, Int. J. Plasticity 111 (2018) 211-233. DOI URL
[64]	T. Sakai, H. Miura, A. Goloborodko, O. Sitdikov, Acta Mater. 57(2009) 153-162. DOI URL
[65]	E. Dogan, M.W. Vaughan, S.J. Wang, I. Karaman, G. Proust, Acta Mater. 89(2015) 408-422. DOI URL
[66]	Y.B. Chun, M. Battaini, C.H.J. Davies, S.K. Hwang, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41 (2010) 3473-3487. DOI URL
[67]	M. Lentz, M. Risse, N. Schaefer, W. Reimers, I.J. Beyerlein, Nat. Commun. 7(2016) 11068. DOI PMID
[68]	R. Kapoor, G.B. Reddy, A. Sarkar, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 718 (2018) 104-110. DOI URL
[69]	B. Zhu, X. Liu, C. Xie, J. Su, P.C. Guo, C.P. Tang, W.H. Liu, J. Mater. Sci 50(2020) 59-65.
[70]	N. Ishikawa, K. Yasuda, H. Sueyoshi, S. Endo, H. Ikeda, T. Morikawa, K. Higashida, Acta Mater. 97(2015) 257-268. DOI URL
[71]	J.L. Sun, P.W. Trimby, F.K. Yan, X.Z. Liao, N.R. Tao, J.T. Wang, Scr. Mater. 69(2013) 428-431. DOI URL
[72]	C.M. Cepeda-Jimenez, J.M. Molina-Aldareguia, M.T. Perez-Prado, Acta Mater. 84(2015) 443-456. DOI URL
[73]	J. You, Y.J. Huang, C.M. Liu, H.Y. Zhan, L.X. Huang, G. Zeng, Materials 13 (2020) 2348. DOI URL
[74]	I. Ulacia, N.V. Dudamell, F. Galvez, S. Yi, M.T. Perez-Prado I. Hurtado, Acta Mater. 58(2010) 2988-2998. DOI URL
[75]	Q.M. Luan, T.B. Britton, T.S. Jun, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 734 (2018) 385-397. DOI URL
[76]	S.G. Song, G.T. Gray, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 26 (1995) 2665-2675. DOI URL
[77]	S.E. Ion, F.J. Humphreys, S.H. White, Acta Metall. Mater. 30(1982) 1909-1919. DOI URL
[78]	E. Martin, J.J. Jonas, Acta Mater. 58(2010) 4253-4266. DOI URL
[79]	S.A. Askariani, S.M.H. Pishbin, J. Alloys Compd. 688(2016) 1058-1065. DOI URL
[80]	M. Mosayebi, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, H.R. Abedi, A. Barabi, M.S. Jalali, A. Ghaderi, M. Barnett, Mater. Charact. 163(2020), 110236. DOI URL
[81]	D.K. Yang, P. Cizek, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen, Acta Mater. 58(2010)4536-4548. DOI URL
[82]	M. Wen, G. Liu, J.F. Gu, W.M. Guan, J. Lu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255(2009) 6097-6102. DOI URL
[83]	S.J. Laine, K.M. Knowles, P.J. Doorbar, R.D. Cutts, D. Rugg, Acta Mater. 123(2017) 350-361. DOI URL
[84]	J.Z. Lu, U. Wu, G.F. Sun, K.Y. Luo, Y.K. Zhang, J. Cai, C.Y. Cui, X.M. Luo, Acta Mater. 127(2017) 252-266. DOI URL
[85]	C. Wang, D. Yu, Z. Niu, W. Zhou, G. Chen, Z. Li, X. Fu, Acta Mater. 200(2020) 101-115. DOI URL
[86]	P. Yi, R.C. Cammarata, M.L. Falk, Acta Mater. 105(2016) 378-389. DOI URL
[87]	G.B. Liu, J. Zhang, G.Q. Xi, R.L. Zuo, S. Liu, Acta Mater. 141(2017) 1-9. DOI URL
[88]	N. Stanford, M.R. Barnett, Int. J. Plast. 47(2013) 165-181. DOI URL
[89]	A. Tehranchi, B. Yin, W.A. Curtin, Acta Mater. 151(2018) 56-66. DOI URL
[90]	J.Y. Wang, N. Li, R. Alizadeh, M.A. Monclus, Y.W. Cui, J.M. Molina-Aldareguia J. LLorca, Acta Mater. 170(2019) 155-165. DOI