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Dual-functions of the carbon-confined oxygen on the capacitance and cycle stability enhancements of Zn-ion capacitors Yi Zhang, Zhimin Zou, Qi Liu, Yu Qiao, Chunhai Jiang J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 221 (0): 278-288.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.003 Abstract （11473）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising energy storage devices due to their balance between the energy and power densities inherited from Zn-ion batteries and supercapacitors, respectively. However, the low specific capacitance of carbon cathode materials and the dendrite growth on Zn anode have set fatal drawbacks to their energy density and cycle stability. Herein, we demonstrate that, in 1 M Zn(CF3SO3)2/DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) electrolyte, confining oxygen in carbon cathode materials via high-energy ball milling can synergistically introduce additional pseudocapacitance on the cathode side while suppressing the dendrite growth on Zn anode side, which jointly lead to high energy density (94 Wh kg-1 at 448 W kg-1) and long cycle stability of ZICs. The hydroxyl group in carbon cathode can be transformed to C-O-Zn together with the release of protons during the initial discharge, which in turn stimulates the defluorination of CF3SO3- anions and formation of ZnF2 on both cathode and anode. The ZnF2 formed on the surface of the Zn anode suppresses the dendrite growth by regulating the Zn2+ deposition/stripping in a reticular structure, resulting in the excellent cycle stability. This work provides a facile strategy to rationally design and construct high energy and stable ZICs through engineering the oxygen-bearing functional groups in carbon cathode materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of the in vitro biodegradability, cytocompatibility, and wear resistance of the AZ31B alloy by micro-arc oxidation coatings doped with zinc phosphate Chao Yang, Suihan Cui, Ricky K.Y. Fu, Liyuan Sheng, Min Wen, Daokui Xu, Ying Zhao, Yufeng Zheng, Paul K. Chu, Zhongzhen Wu J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 179 (0): 224-239.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.09.019 Abstract （2887）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save As implanted bone fixation materials, magnesium (Mg) alloys have significant advantages because the density and elastic modulus are closest to those of the human bone and they can bio-degrade in the physiological environment. However, Mg alloys degrade too rapidly and uncontrollably thus hampering clinical adoption. In this study, a highly corrosion-resistant zinc-phosphate-doped micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating is prepared on the AZ31B alloy, and the degradation process is assessed in vitro. With increasing zinc phosphate concentrations, both the corrosion potentials and charge transfer resistance of the AZ31B alloy coated with MAO coatings increase gradually, while the corrosion current densities diminish gradually. Immersion tests in the simulated body fluid (SBF) reveal that the increased zinc phosphate concentration in MAO coating decreases the degradation rate, consequently reducing the release rates of Mg2+ and OH- in the physiological micro-environment, which obtains the lowest weight loss of only 5.22% after immersion for 56 days. Effective regulation of degradation provides a weak alkaline environment that is suitable for long-term cell growth and subsequent promotion of bone proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and cytocompatibility. In addition, the zinc-phosphate-doped MAO coatings show an improved wear resistance as manifested by a wear rate of only 3.81 × 10-5 mm3 N-1 m-1. The results reveal a suitable strategy to improve the properties of biodegradable Mg alloys to balance tissue healing with mechanical degradation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interface engineering and impedance matching strategy to develop core@shell urchin-like NiO/Ni@carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for microwave absorption Tianming Jia, Yanling Hao, Xiaosi Qi, Yongchao Rao, Lei Wang, Junfei Ding, Yunpeng Qu, Wei Zhong J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 176 (0): 1-12.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.08.022 Abstract （1240）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save It is well recognized that interfacial effect and/or impedance matching play a great impact on microwave absorption. Herein, we proposed a facile strategy to take full advantage of interface engineering and impedance matching for boosting microwave absorption performance (MAPs). Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical urchin-like core@shell structured NiO/Ni@CNTs multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs) were elaborately constructed and produced in high efficiency through a facile continuous chemical bath deposition, thermal treatment, and catalytic chemical vapor decomposition process. By controlling the pyrolysis time, the NiO/Ni@CNTs urchin-like MCNCs with different lengths and aggregation degrees of CNTs could be selectively synthesized. The obtained results revealed that the enhanced CNT contents provided abundant interfaces and effectively aggrandized their interfacial effects, which resulted in improved polarization loss, conductivity loss, and comprehensive MAPs. Impressively, the interfaces and impedance matching in the designed NiO/Ni@CNTs urchin-like MCNCs could be optimized by regulating the pyrolysis temperature, which further improved the comprehensive MAPs. And the designed NiO/Ni@CNTs urchin-like MCNCs could simultaneously display strong absorption capabilities, broad absorption bandwidths, and thin matching thicknesses. Therefore, our findings not only provided a simple and universal approach to produce core@shell structured magnetic carbon-based urchin-like MCNCs but also presented an interface engineering and impedance matching strategy to develop the tunable, strong absorption, broadband, lightweight high-efficiency microwave absorbers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-stimulus responsive actuator with weldable and robust MXene-CNTs hybrid films Xueyuan Qiu, Xiao Han, Baorui Dong, Meng Zong, Runtong Zhou, Teng Zhang, Pan Wang, Chang Guo, Hejun Li, Jianhua Hao J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 222 (0): 164-173.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.062 Abstract （1237）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Stimulus-responsive actuators are novel functional devices capable of sensing external stimuli and exhibiting specific deformation responses. MXene, owing to its unique 2D structure and efficient energy conversion efficiency, has bridged the gap in traditional devices and shown great potential for multiple stimulus-responsive actuators. However, the drawbacks of pure MXene films, including susceptibility to oxidation and vulnerability to shear stress, hinder their applications. Through composite modification and structural design strategies, a three-layer structured MXene-carbon nanotubes hybrid film (tHCM) is fabricated, exhibiting a tensile strength and fracture strain of 153.8 MPa and 4.65 %, respectively, representing improvements of 598.4 % and 226.8 % compared to the initial film. Meanwhile, the film maintains excellent stability demonstrating the enhancing effects of hydrogen bonds and densely packed structure. The hybrid films demonstrate unique and facile welding features due to splicing properties, enabling the formation of complex configurations. In terms of electro-/photo-thermal conversion performance, the hybrid film can reach a reasonably high temperature of 250 °C at low voltage (2.5 V) and 110.6 °C under 150 mW cm-2 infrared light. Leveraging the thermal expansion mismatch between tHCM and thermoplastic films, an integrated, flexible, and weldable actuator with unique electro/photo-response is developed, and various biomimetic driving applications, particularly, the light-mediated hierarchical transmission and precise motion along predetermined trajectory are realized. This work not only provides an effective strategy for modifying MXene composite films but also advances the design of novel actuators, offering broad application prospects in fields such as stimulus-responsive actuated robots and cargo transportation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Recent progress in smart electromagnetic interference shielding materials Xin Hou, Xue-Rong Feng, Ke Jiang, Yu-Chen Zheng, Jiang-Tao Liu, Ming Wang J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 186 (0): 256-271.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.008 Abstract （931）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid advancement of the intelligent era, intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices are receiving more and more attention due to their advantages in environmental self-adaption response. Accordingly, appropriate EMI shielding materials are crucial to blocking harmful electromagnetic radiation and passing serviceable electromagnetic waves. Smart EMI shielding materials that can dynamically adjust their EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) in response to specific application requirements and environmental changes are extremely advantageous in both military and civil areas. To date, materials with adjustable EMI SE for various responses have been developed. This review pays special attention to smart materials with tunable EMI SE. The design strategies, mechanism and recent progress of smart EMI shielding materials are discussed together with different stimuli responses, including compression strain, tensile strain, chemical reagent, shape memory, phase transition and crossover angle change-induced responses. The review ends up to discuss challenges and perspectives for smart EMI shielding materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-level hollow sphere rich in heterojunctions with dual function: Efficient microwave absorption and antiseptic Liyuan Yu, Di Lan, Zhiqiang Guo, Ailing Feng, Guanglei Wu, Zirui Jia, Xing Feng, Pengfei Yin J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 189 (0): 155-165.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.004 Abstract （863）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Effective electromagnetic wave absorption is now possible thanks to the design of the dielectric-magnetic double loss mechanism and the rich heterogeneous structure. In this study, hollow carbon spheres with rich heterostructures were synthesized using an easy and effective in situ growing approach. In addition to improving impedance matching, the hollow structure also reduces material density and weight. By modifying the load, this system can alter the dielectric characteristics of MXene, which in turn affects the sample's ability to absorb electromagnetic waves. MXene and the carbon material create a thick conductive network during the whole electromagnetic wave absorption process, creating the ideal environment for conduction loss. The sample's ability to attenuate electromagnetic waves is further improved by the interfacial polarization that the rich heterogeneous structure can produce. Co-magnetic nanoparticle nanoparticles are the main source of magnetic loss. The MXene@Co/C-100-800 (MCC-100-800) exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance under the synergy of multiple loss mechanisms, with the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) reaching 7.20 GHz and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) being -53.99 dB at 2.10 mm. Finally, this work is guided by the coating engineering of MXene and provides new ideas for the rational design of heterostructures of nanomaterials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Plasmonic effect augmented S-scheme mechanism in Ag/Ag2O/C3N5 photocatalyst enables efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics Changjun You, Xinlei Zhang, Yiqian Zhao, Ruyu Yan, Yunwang Shen, Qingquan Xue, Wenyao Li, Tong Liu, Jianhui Jiang, Xiaobo Chen, Shijie Li J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2026, 242 (0): 64-74.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.05.002 Abstract （806）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Solar-driven catalytic decontamination of emerging organic pollutants is of significance for achieving environmental sustainability. The cardinal challenges in this technology are swift charge carrier reunion, weak redox capability and poor sunlight utilization capacity of photocatalysts. Here, an innovative Ag/Ag2O/C3N5 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with plasmonic effect was developed for antibiotic decontamination by coating Ag/Ag2O nanodots on the surface of C3N5 nanosheets. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect from Ag nanodots augments sunlight response and exciton production. Meanwhile the “nanodots-on-nanosheets” 0D/0D/2D heterostructure with a plasmonic S-scheme interface significantly boosts separation and utilization of highly energetic photo-carriers. As a result, the optimized Ag/Ag2O/C3N5 demonstrates extraordinary stability and achieves a photocatalytic levofloxacin removal rate constant of 0.0278 min-1, which is about 3.9-, 11.6-, and 1.9-fold greater than that of Ag2O, C3N5, and Ag2O/C3N5, respectively. The photocatalytic decontamination mechanism and degradation route of levofloxacin over Ag/Ag2O/C3N5 are elucidated using LC-MS analysis and DFT calculation. This research highlights the potential of LSPR modulated S-scheme heterojunctions as robust photocatalysts for wastewater decontamination, paving the way for innovative solutions to environmental pollution challenges. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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S-scheme heterojunction in photocatalytic hydrogen production Teng Li, Noritatsu Tsubaki, Zhiliang Jin J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 169 (0): 82-104.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.04.049 Abstract （748）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save As an ideal secondary energy source, hydrogen has the title of clean energy and the product of its complete combustion is only water, which is not polluting to the environment. Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology is an environmentally friendly, safe, and low-cost strategy that requires only an inexhaustible amount of solar energy and water as feedstock. This paper provides a detailed and detailed review of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production, mainly including TiO2-based, Perovskite-based, CdS-based, Graphitic phase carbon nitride-based, COF-based graphdiyne-based, ZnO-based, and ZnIn2S4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts. The classification of S-scheme heterojunctions is summarized. What's more, various characterizations for direct verification of the charge migration mechanism of S-scheme heterojunctions are outlined. Based on the present study, the future potential challenges and future research trends for S-scheme heterojunctions in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology are pointed out, which provides feasible strategies for the development and design of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/tricobalt tetraoxide composite aerogels with high efficiency, broadband microwave absorption, and good compression recovery performance Ruiwen Shu, Lijuan Nie, Xinyue Liu, Ke Chen J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 190 (0): 106-116.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.006 Abstract （651）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The fabrication of advanced graphene-based microwave absorbing materials with thin thickness, wide bandwidth, strong absorption strength, and low filling ratio remains a huge challenge. In this paper, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/tricobalt tetraoxide (NRGO/Co3O4) composite aerogels were synthesized by a three-step method of solvothermal reaction, high-temperature calcination, and hydrothermal self-assembly. The results showed that the attained NRGO/Co3O4 composite aerogels had a unique three-dimensional porous network structure, extremely low bulk density, and good compression recovery. Furthermore, the effect of the addition amounts of flower-like Co3O4 on the complex dielectric constant and microwave absorption properties of NRGO/Co3O4 composite aerogels was investigated. When the addition amount of Co3O4 was equal to 15 mg, the prepared binary composite aerogel showed the strongest absorption strength of -62.78 dB and a wide absorption bandwidth of 5.5 GHz at a thin thickness of 2.13 mm and a low filling ratio of 15 wt.%. It was worth noting that the maximum absorption bandwidth could reach 6.32 GHz (11.68-18 GHz, spanning the entire Ku-band) at a thickness of 2.24 mm. In addition, the possible microwave absorption mechanism of NRGO/Co3O4 composite aerogels was also proposed. Therefore, this paper will provide a new and simple strategy for preparing RGO-based porous nanocomposites as lightweight, efficient, and broadband microwave absorbers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Laser shock processing of titanium alloys: A critical review on the microstructure evolution and enhanced engineering performance Qian Liu, Shuangjie Chu, Xing Zhang, Yuqian Wang, Haiyan Zhao, Bohao Zhou, Hao Wang, Genbin Wu, Bo Mao J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 209 (0): 262-291.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.075 Abstract （584）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering applications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Compared to conventional surface strengthening technologies, laser shock peening (LSP) has increasingly attracted attention from researchers and industries, since it significantly improves the surface strength, biocompatibility, fatigue resistance, and anti-corrosion ability of Ti and its alloys. Despite numerous studies that have been carried out to elucidate the effects of LSP on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys in recent years, a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of Ti and its alloys subjected to LSP is still lacking. In this review, the standard LSP and the novel process designs of LSP assisted by thermal, cryogenic, electropulsing and magnetic fields are discussed and compared. Microstructural evolution, with focuses on the dislocation dynamics, deformation twinning, grain refinement and surface amorphization, during LSP processing of Ti alloys is reviewed. Furthermore, the enhanced engineering performance of the LSP-processed (LSPed) Ti alloys, including surface hardness, wear resistance, fatigue life and corrosion resistance are summarized. Finally, this review concludes by presenting an overview of the current challenges encountered in this field and offering insights into anticipated future trends. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Gadolinium modified g-C3N4 for S-Scheme heterojunction with monoclinic-WO3: Insights from DFT studies and related charge carrier dynamics Kavya Kalidasan, Srinivas Mallapur, Bhavana B Kulkarni, Sanjeev P Maradur, Deepak Kumar, R Deeksha, Sakthivel Kandaiah, Prashanth Vishwa, S. Girish Kumar J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 204 (0): 166-176.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.017 Abstract （577）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Modifying the surface structures of g-C3N4 through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency. With the surge of S-scheme heterojunctions, the research is intensified towards designing this kind of composite for energy-environmental-related applications. In this context, a new approach involving surface modifications of g-C3N4 through Gd species and integrating with monoclinic-WO3 via a wet chemical approach to form S-scheme heterojunctions is investigated. The characterization results attested that the adopted protocol promotes the better dispersion of Gd species over the g-C3N4 surface and rigidly integrates with WO3. The optical response of the composite spanned a significant portion of the visible region in the solar spectrum. The computational studies and the findings of the Mott-Schottky plot collectively suggested that the position of band edges qualifies for the formation of S-scheme heterojunction. The results derived from photocurrent response measurements and photoluminescence technique attribute to the effective charge carrier separation in the heterostructure. The rate constant of Gd-g-C3N4/WO3 was 1.48 × 10-2 min-1 which was approximately 4.35 and 2.27 times greater than that of WO3 (0.34 × 10-2 min-1) and g-C3N4/WO3 (0.65 × 10-2 min-1) respectively. Furthermore, RhB degradation in the presence of scavengers validated the participation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the degradation mechanisms. This was possible only when the conduction band electrons of WO3 recombined with the valence band holes of Gd-modified g-C3N4. The present work helps to understand the S-scheme heterojunction formation between surface-modified g-C3N4 and metal oxides and retain the involvement of energetic charge carriers in the desired redox reactions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Making titanium alloys ultrahigh strength and toughness synergy through deformation kinks-mediated hierarchical α-precipitation Keer Li, Wei Chen, Jinyu Zhang, Shewei Xin, Jun Sun J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 207 (0): 142-159.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.035 Abstract （540）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Titanium alloys engineered in structural applications achieve ultrahigh strength primarily through precipitation strengthening of secondary α-phase (αs) during aging, while they often experience compromised ductility and toughness due to traditional strength-toughness tradeoff. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to address this conflict by introducing deformation kinks prior to conventional cold rolling (CR) and aging processes. These kinks are produced by cold forging (CF) to create macroscopic lamellar structures in β-grains, which alter strain partitioning during subsequent CR and ultimately tailor αs-precipitation upon aging. As a result, an ultrafine duplex (αe + β)-structure is formed within kink interiors, while hierarchical αs-precipitates are generated in the external β-matrix. This unique microstructure effectively enhances dislocation activity, promotes uniform plastic strain distribution and impedes crack propagation. Consequently, a simple Ti-V binary titanium alloy exhibits exceptional properties with ultrahigh strength ∼1636 MPa, decent ductility ∼5.4 % and appreciable fracture toughness ∼ 36.1 MPa m½. The synergetic properties surpass those obtained through traditional CR and aging processes for the alloy and even outperform numerous multielement engineering titanium alloys reported in literature. Our findings open up a new avenue for overcoming the strength-toughness tradeoff of ultrahigh-strength titanium alloys, and also offer a facile production route towards structural materials for advanced performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Recent advances in modelling structure-property correlations in high-entropy alloys Akash A. Deshmukh, Raghavan Ranganathan J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 204 (0): 127-151.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.027 Abstract （532）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Since antiquity, humans have been involved in designing materials through alloying strategies to meet the ever-growing technological demands. In 2004, this endeavor witnessed a significant breakthrough with the discovery of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) comprising multi-principal elements. Owing to the four “core-effects”, these alloys exhibit exceptional properties including better structural stability, high strength and ductility, improved fatigue/fracture toughness, high corrosion and oxidation resistance, superconductivity, magnetic properties, and good thermal properties. Different synthesis routes have been designed and used to meet the properties of interest for particular applications with varying dimensions. However, HEAs are providing new opportunities and challenges for computational modelling of the complex structure-property correlations and in predictions of phase stability necessary for optimum performance of the alloy. Several attempts have been made to understand these alloys by empirical and computational models, and data-driven approaches to accelerate the materials discovery with a desired set of properties. The present review discusses advances and inferences from simulations and models spanning multiple length and time scales explaining a comprehensive set of structure-properties relations. Additionally, the role of machine learning approaches is also reviewed, underscoring the transformative role of computational modelling in unravelling the multifaceted properties and applications of HEAs, and the scope for future efforts in this direction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Enhanced antibiotic degradation performance of Cd0.5Zn0.5S/Bi2MoO6 S-scheme photocatalyst by carbon dot modification Shijie Li, Ruyu Yan, Mingjie Cai, Wei Jiang, Mingyi Zhang, Xin Li J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2023, 164 (0): 59-67.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.05.009 Abstract （527）      PDF（pc） （3509KB）（150）       Knowledge map    Save S-scheme heterojunction engineering is an effective strategy to attain distinctive photocatalysts. Herein, a carbon dots modulated S-scheme hetero-structured photocatalyst of Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanoparticles/Bi2MoO6 microspheres/carbon dots (CZCBM), aiming to conquer the photo-corrosion and strengthen the photocatalytic property of Cd0.5Zn0.5S, was developed via a facile solvothermal route. Under visible light, the optimal CZCBM-2 affords a 1.8-, 1.5-, or 0.6-time reinforcement in the oxytetracycline degradation rate constant compared to Bi2MoO6, Cd0.5Zn0.5S or Cd0.5Zn0.5S/Bi2MoO6, which is credited to the strengthened visible-light response, increased reactive sites, and efficient dissolution of photo-carriers with optimal redox capacity because of the co-effect of carbon dots and S-scheme heterostructure. Significantly, the photo-corrosion of Cd0.5Zn0.5S is significantly suppressed and CZCBM-2 affords superior stability and reusability during cycling tests. Besides, CZCBM-2 can be well adapted to various environments. The toxicology appraisement unravels the decreased eco-toxicity of most intermediates compared to oxytetracycline. Lastly, an S-scheme charge transfer mechanism with carbon dots as electron reservoir in CZCBM is deduced, which uncloses that •O2- and h+ dominantly account for oxytetracycline eradication and detoxification. This study demonstrates the design of unique carbon dots favored S-scheme heterostructures as an effective “Two Birds with One Stone” strategy to achieve high anti-photo-corrosion performance and reinforced photocatalytic performance of sulfides. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ nano TiC reinforced Ni-based alloy composites prepared by spark plasma sintering Xuetong Zeng, Haitao Liu, Shasha Yang, Chengtao Yu, Minghui Chen, Fuhui Wang J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 206 (0): 100-112.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.004 Abstract （526）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Carbide dispersion reinforcing has been demonstrated to be an effective way of strengthening metal matrix composites. However, plagued by the nerve-wracking fact that the carbide particles tend to aggregate at the grain boundary of the metal matrix, grow up, and form an incoherent interface with it, their improvement in mechanical strength tends to be limited. In this study, spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to prepare the bulk alloy Ni20Cr and its composites with different carbides including TiC, SiC, and Ti3SiC2. Plasma leads to discharge and elevates temperature at the interface to melt the Ni20Cr alloy particles locally. When cooled down, the alloy is heterogeneously solidified on the surface of the carbide and builds up a coherent interface with it. Owing to the decomposition of Ti3SiC2 during sintering, it completely transformed into nanosized TiC particles, which are engulfed by the outer melted layer of Ni20Cr and well dispersed within the alloy grains. In comparison to the Ni20Cr alloy, the composite with merely 4 wt% Ti3SiC2 gains over three times enhancement in yield strength to 879 MPa, while keeping a moderate high elongation of 17.8 %. Finite element analysis demonstrated that the combination of SPS and precursor MAX phase of Ti3SiC2, which results in the in-situ precipitation of coherent ultrafine TiC particles in alloy grains, plays the key role in getting a good balance between mechanical strength and ductility for the Ni20Cr matrix composites. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review of updated S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts Fangyi Li, Guihua Zhu, Jizhou Jiang, Lang Yang, Fengxia Deng, Arramel, Xin Li J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 177 (0): 142-180.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.08.038 Abstract （512）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Photocatalysis is a green and environmentally-friendly process that utilizes the ubiquitous intermittent sunlight. To date, an emerging S-scheme heterojunction across the intimately coupled heterojunction materials is proposed to surpass the efficiency of conventional II-type and Z-type photocatalysis. Furthermore, S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with greatly improved photocatalytic performance have gained significant attention due to their fast charge carriers separation along with strong redox ability and stability, since its proposal in 2019. Herein, a timely and comprehensive review is highly desired to cover the state-of-the-art advances. Driven by this idea, the review conveys the recent progress and provides new insights into further developments. Unlike the conventional method, in this review, we implement a quantification model to outline current trends in S-scheme heterojunctions research as well as their correlations. The overview begins with the fundamentals of four basic photocatalytic mechanisms, followed by its design principles. Afterward, diverse characterization techniques used in the S-scheme heterojunctions are systematically summarized along with the modification strategies to boost photocatalytic performances. Additionally, the internal reaction mechanism and emerging applications have been reviewed, including water conversion, CO2 remediation, wastewater treatment, H2O2 production, N2 fixation, etc. To sum up the review, we present several current challenges and future prospects of the S-scheme heterojunctions photocatalysts, aiming to provide indispensable platforms for the future smart design of photocatalysts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Synthesis of interfacial electric field-enhanced CdS/CdxZn1-xS/ZnO ternary heterojunction by lye dissolution etching mechanism for photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction Qi Li, Shengchao Yang, Yufan Huang, Yuwei Liang, Chunling Hu, Min Wang, Zhiyong Liu, Yanlong Tai, Jichang Liu, Yongsheng Li J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 204 (0): 152-165.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.104 Abstract （509）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The difficulty in fabricating a multifaceted composite heterojunction system based on CdxZn1-xS limits the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. In the present scrutiny, novel ZnO/CdxZn1-xS/CdS composite heterojunctions are successfully prepared by the alkaline dissolution etching method. The internal electric field at the interface of I-type and Z-scheme heterojunction improved the effective charge separation. The ZC 8 sample exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance and the H2 production efficiency is 15.67 mmol g-1 h-1 with good stability up to 82.9 % in 24-hour cycles. The performance of CH4 and CO capacity in the CO2RR process is 3.47 μmol g-1 h-1 and 23.5 μmol g-1 h-1, respectively. The photogenerated accelerated charge transport is then examined in detail by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISXPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work presents a new idea for the synthesis of CdxZn1-xS solid-solution-based materials and provides a solid reference for the detailed mechanism regarding the electric field at the heterojunction interface. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction of S-scheme cyano-modified g-C3N4/TiO2 film with boosted charge transfer and highly hydrophilic surface for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin Wei Gan, Ruixin Chen, Li Zhang, Jun Guo, Miao Zhang, Yuqing Lu, Zhaoqi Sun, Xucheng Fu J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 206 (0): 74-87.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.039 Abstract （483）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Developing highly efficient and recyclable photocatalysts has been regarded as an attractive strategy to solve antibiotic contaminants. Herein, we designed and fabricated Cy-C3N4/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction film with boosted charge transfer and a highly hydrophilic surface. The as-prepared heterojunction exhibited outstanding removal efficiency on tetracyclines and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (more than 80 % within 90 min). The removal rate of 300-Cy-C3N4/TiO2 on norfloxacin (NOR) was 2.12, and 1.59 times higher than that of pristine TiO2, C3N4/TiO2, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic performance of 300-Cy-C3N4/TiO2 was attributed to the highly hydrophilic surface and effective transfer and separation of carriers. Moreover, the NOR degradation pathways were proposed based on the results of density functional theory (DFT), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The toxicity assessment indicated the toxicity of intermediates can be remarkably alleviated. The DFT calculation and selective photo-deposition experiment demonstrated that an internal electric field was formed at the heterojunction interface, and the charge carriers migrated between Cy-C3N4 and TiO2 following an S-scheme transfer pathway. This research not only provides a promising method for tracking charge distribution on thin-film heterojunction photocatalysts but also helps us to design high-efficiency, and recyclable heterojunctions to solve antibiotic contaminants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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PEDOT:PSS-patched magnetic graphene films with tunable dielectric genes for electromagnetic interference shielding and infrared stealth Jin-Cheng Shu, Yu-Ze Wang, Mao-Sheng Cao J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 186 (0): 28-36.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.10.046 Abstract （467）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans, but also produces a large scale of electromagnetic (EM) radiation simultaneously, which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equipment. Exploring the underlying response logic of EM materials is urgently needed to face the challenge of EM interference (EMI) and secondary EM pollution better. Herein, PEDOT:PSS-patched magnetic graphene films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted molecular patching engineering, with tunable EM wave response. Based on the observation of micro-nano structure, the dielectric genes are visually revealed, which offers a bran-new horizon for the optimization of EM properties. Impressively, the constructed films achieve double band shielding toward gigahertz wave and infrared radiation. The optimal EMI shielding efficiency exceeds 99 %, and covers the entire X-band. Meanwhile, the green shielding index rises from 0.3 to 0.6, indicating that it is a potential green EMI shielding materials. Furthermore, the periodic macroscopic interfaces and the inherent thermal anisotropy endow the films with thermal insulation and flexible infrared stealth functions in simulated thermal environments. This work refreshes the insight into multi-band shielding, providing a new idea to EM energy governance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Temperature/stress dependence of stress rupture behavior and deformation microstructure of an advanced superalloy for additive manufacturing Wei Song, Junying Yang, Jingjing Liang, Nannan Lu, Yizhou Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun, Jinguo Li J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 206 (0): 37-52.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.072 Abstract （465）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save A self-developed crack-free advanced superalloy ZGH451 fabricated by direct energy deposition (DED) was applied to investigate the microstructure evolution, stress rupture behavior, and deformation mechanisms at moderate-high temperatures and high-low stress conditions. The high Ta/Al ratio induces large misfit lattice stress and low stacking fault energy of alloy, resulting in approximate cubic γ′ phases in dendrites and the formation of initial dislocation tangles. After the stress rupture test at 760 °C/780 MPa, high content cubic γ′ phases, small size of voids as well as preserved dislocation tangles are observed, showing stable structures with high-stress rupture resistance. High content and suitable size of cubic γ′ phases, initial dislocation tangles, and L-C locks hinder the dislocation motion, which decreases the minimum strain rate and prolongs life significantly, forming four stress rupture stages. Hence, the deformation mechanism is determined by dislocation piled-up on γ/γ′ interface, formation of stacking faults in γ′ phases, and dislocations shearing γ′ phases. However, the microstructure exhibits uneven structures composed of large sizes of rafted γ′ phases and voids at 980 °C/260 MPa. The rafted structure and high temperature provide continuous channels and enough energy for dislocation motion, resulting in the increase of minimum strain rate, decline of life, and typic three stress rupture stages, even though there are obstacles to dislocation movement caused by dislocation networks. The deformation mechanism transforms to form dislocation networks on γ/γ′ interface and dislocations shearing γ′ phases. Besides, the decomposition of carbides on GBs also depends on temperature, which decomposes into harmful chain-like M23C6 carbides at moderate temperatures and reinforced granular-shaped M6C carbides at high temperatures. The applied stress always decreases mechanical properties due to its degradation of microstructure induced by elongating the precipitates and defects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Controlling the Fe-intermetallic phases and mechanical properties of secondary Al-9Si-1Fe alloy with Cr and Mn additions Nagasivamuni Balasubramani, Michael Moodispaw, Alan A Luo J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 206 (0): 135-152.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.014 Abstract （464）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save In secondary Al-Si based alloys, microalloying with Mn and Cr can modify harmful platelet-type AlxFeySiz intermetallic phases to less detrimental α-Alx(Fe, Mn, Cr)ySiz phase (script or polygonal morphologies). However, the α-Alx(Fe, Mn, Cr)ySiz phase morphology, phase composition and the addition of Fe-correcting elements can be influenced by solidification conditions. Therefore, this research is aimed to highlight the morphological evolution and mechanisms of α-Alx(Fe, Mn, Cr)ySiz phase in a Cr added Al-9 %Si-1 %Fe-0.2 %Cr (all weight percentage thereafter, unless otherwise stated) alloy with varying Mn concentrations (0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 0.8 %). Microstructure evolution of Fe intermetallic phases is investigated under different casting conditions using a wedge-shaped die, Cu-chill block and melt quenching experiments. Thermodynamic simulations have been performed using CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) method and compared with the experimental results for phase composition and formation temperatures of α-Alx(Fe, Mn, Cr)ySiz phase. The results indicated that for 0.25Mn-0.2Cr addition to Al-9Si-1Fe alloy, compact morphology containing polygonal phases are formed in Cu-chill casting, while the wedge castings predominantly show a mixed structure with platelets and script type morphologies. Tensile tests revealed a higher elongation value of 6.6 % for mixed structure with platelet and script phases, which is decreased to 4.2 % for polygonal phases in Al-9Si-1Fe-0.2Cr-0.25Mn alloy. This study highlights the importance of solidification conditions on morphologies of Fe-intermetallic phases and the mechanical properties by comparing selected literature relevant to high pressure die-casting process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Achieving ultrahigh strength and ductility via high-density nanoprecipitates triggering multiple deformation mechanisms in a dual-aging high-entropy alloy with precold deformation Liyuan Liu, Yang Zhang, Zhongwu Zhang J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 205 (0): 27-41.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.034 Abstract （445）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save How to achieve high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with ultrahigh strength and ductility is a challenging issue. Precipitation strengthening is one of the methods to significantly enhance strength, but unfortunately, ductility will be lost. To overcome the strength-ductility trade-off, the strategy of this study is to induce the formation of high-density nanoprecipitates through dual aging (DA), triggering multiple deformation mechanisms, to obtain HEAs with ultrahigh strength and ductility. First, the effect of precold deformation on precipitation behavior was studied using Ni35(CoFe)55V5Nb5 (at.%) HEA as the object. The results reveal that the activation energy of recrystallization is 112.2 kJ/mol. As the precold-deformation amount increases from 15 % to 65 %, the activation energy of precipitation gradually decreases from 178.8 to 159.7 kJ/mol. The precipitation time shortens, the size of the nanoprecipitate decreases, and the density increases. Subsequently, the thermal treatment parameters were optimized, and the DA process was customized based on the effect of precold deformation on precipitation behavior. High-density L12 nanoprecipitates (∼3.21 × 1025 m-3) were induced in the 65 % precold-deformed HEA, which led to the simultaneous formation of twins and stacking fault (SF) networks during deformation. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength, and ductility of the DA-HEA are ∼2.0 GPa, ∼2.2 GPa, and ∼12.3 %, respectively. Compared with the solid solution HEA, the YS of the DA-HEA increased by 1,657 MPa, possessing an astonishing increase of ∼440 %. The high YS stems from the precipitation strengthening contributed by the L12 nanoprecipitates and the dislocation strengthening contributed by precold deformation. The synergistically enhanced ductility stems from the high strain-hardening ability under the dual support of twinning-induced plasticity and SF-induced plasticity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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High entropy pyrochlore (La0.3Gd0.3Ca0.4)2(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2O7 ceramic with amorphous-like thermal conductivity for environmental/thermal barrier coating applications Zifan Zhao, Ziyang Ruan, Rong Li, Shixiao Yan, Xiaoliang Sun, Chi Liu, Di Zhang, Bin Xu, Zhiyi Ren, Meng Wang, Jianyu Li, Jiang Tian, Yehua Jiang, Jing Feng, Yanchun Zhou J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 205 (0): 315-326.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.089 Abstract （444）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Low thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical strength are essential to pyrochlore A2B2O7 ceramic for environmental/thermal barrier coating applications. To collaboratively tailor the mechanical and thermal properties of A2B2O7 ceramic, a novel high entropy pyrochlore ceramic (La0.3Gd0.3Ca0.4)2(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2O7 with significant atomic radius and mass fluctuation is proposed by simultaneously introducing various elements with different valence states at A and B cation sites. The as-synthesized (La0.3Gd0.3Ca0.4)2(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2O7 exhibits enhanced fracture toughness (1.68 MPa m1/2), amorphous-like low thermal conductivity (1.45 W m-1 K-1 at 900 °C) and matched thermal expansion coefficient (9.0 × 10-6 K-1 at 1200 °C) with Al2O3/Al2O3 CMCs. The extensive misfits in atomic weight, ionic radius among the substitutional cations in combination with the intrinsic oxygen vacancies in the anion sublattice play significant roles in the thermal conductivity reduction of (La0.3Gd0.3Ca0.4)2(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2O7 ceramic. The combination of outstanding mechanical and thermal properties indicates that this type of material has a good application prospect for environmental/thermal barrier coatings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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TiZrHfNb refractory high-entropy alloys with twinning-induced plasticity Shubin Wang, Da Shu, Peiying Shi, Xianbing Zhang, Bo Mao, Donghong Wang, Peter.K. Liaw, Baode Sun J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 187 (0): 72-85.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.047 Abstract （440）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect has been widely utilized in austenite steels, β-Ti alloys, and recently developed face-centered-cubic (FCC) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to simultaneously enhance the tensile strength and ductility. In this study, for the first time, the TWIP effect through hierarchical {332<113> mechanical twinning has been successfully engineered into the TiZrHfNb refractory HEAs by decreasing temperature and tailoring the content of Nb to destabilize the BCC phase. At cryogenic temperature, the comprehensive hierarchical {332}<113> mechanical twins are activated in TiZrHfNb0.5 alloy from micro- to nanoscale and progressively segment the BCC grains into nano-scale islands during deformation, ensuring sustainable strain hardening capability and eventually achieving a substantial 35 % uniform tensile elongation. In addition, at 77 K, the tensile strength and uniform elongation of TiZrHfNbx alloys can further be adjusted by a moderate increase of Nb. The results above shed new light on the development of high-performance refractory HEAs with a high and adjustable strength and ductility combination down to the cryogenic temperature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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From crack-prone to crack-free: Eliminating cracks in additively manufacturing of high-strength Mg2Si-modified Al-Mg-Si alloys Tao Wen, Zhicheng Li, Jianying Wang, Yimou Luo, Feipeng Yang, Zhilin Liu, Dong Qiu, Hailin Yang, Shouxun Ji J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 204 (0): 276-291.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.009 Abstract （432）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Large solidification ranges and coarse columnar grains in the additively manufacturing of Al-Mg-Si alloys are normally involved in hot cracks during solidification. In this work, we develop novel crack-free Al-Mg2Si alloys fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF). The results indicate that the eutectic Mg2Si phase possesses a strong ability to reduce crack susceptibility. It can enhance the grain growth restriction factor in the initial stage of solidification and promote eutectic filling in the terminal stage of solidification. The crack-free L-PBFed Al-xMg2Si alloys (x = 6 wt.%, 9 wt.%, and 12 wt.%) exhibit the combination of low crack susceptibility index (CSI), superior ability for liquid filling, and grain refinement. Particularly, the L-PBFed Al-9Mg2Si alloy shows improved mechanical properties (e.g. yield strength of 397 MPa and elongation of 7.3 %). However, the cracks are more likely to occur in the region near the columnar grain boundaries of the L-PBFed Al-3Mg2Si alloy with a large solidification range and low eutectic content for liquid filling. Correspondingly, the L-PBFed Al-3Mg2Si alloy shows poor bearing capacity of mechanical properties. The precise tuning of Mg2Si eutectic content can offer an innovative strategy for eliminating cracks in additively manufactured Al-Mg-Si alloy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The precipitation evolution and mechanical properties of an Al-Cu-Li-Mg alloy during natural aging San-xi Deng, Zhen-zhen Liu, Guang-jun Zeng, Hui Xiang, Peng-cheng Ma, Jia-ming Yin, Li Kang, Si-han Wen, Jin-feng Li, Dan-yang Liu J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 192 (0): 42-53.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.12.050 Abstract （428）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The precipitation evolution and mechanical properties of a commercial Al-Cu-Li-Mg alloy in natural aging (NA) tempers (T3 and T4) were investigated in detail. It was demonstrated that GPI zones were the predominant precipitate throughout the NA process. In the T3-aged sample, the precipitation sequence was determined: supersaturated solid solution (SSSS) → atom clusters → GPI zones, whereas in the T4-aged sample, it was SSSS → atom clusters → GPI zones → GPI zones + δ′/GPI zones/δ′. For samples without NA, the strength of the T3 sample was 76.0 MPa higher than that in the T4 sample, which was attributed to the pre-deformation-introduced dislocations. During the early stage of NA, GPI zone nucleation was substantially restricted in the T3 sample, resulting in a much lower number density of GPI zones. It retarded the aging response and strength improvement, consequently narrowing the strength difference between T3 and T4 samples. As the NA process progressed, the average diameter of GPI zones in the T4 sample increased to approximately 4.5 nm, accompanied by the formation of δ′/GPI zones/δ′ composite precipitate. However, GPI zone growth and δ′/GPI zones/δ′ composite precipitate formation were significantly inhibited in the T3 sample, as evidenced by its much smaller average diameter of approximately 2.1 nm and the absence of composite precipitates. It inhibited the strength improvement of the T3 sample. Therefore, after a long period (5 months) of NA, the strength of the T4 sample was about 13.0 MPa higher than that of the T3 samples, instead. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Slip-band-driven dynamic recrystallization mediated strain hardening in HfNbTaTiZr refractory high entropy alloy Long Xu, Yuefei Jia, Yueli Ma, Yandong Jia, Shiwei Wu, Chao Chen, Hongyu Ding, Jieren Guan, Xinfeng Kan, Rui Wang, Gang Wang J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 209 (0): 240-250.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.078 Abstract （426）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) exhibit outstanding strength at room temperature, but their high-temperature applications are hindered by severe strain-softening. Here, we report slip-band-driven dynamic recrystallization to enhance the high-temperature strain hardening of HfNbTaTiZr RHEA. By introducing partial lattice defects through hot forging, we increase the nucleation sites for dynamic recrystallization during subsequent thermomechanical deformation, thus suppressing the strain-softening behavior. We reveal that the high-temperature deformation is governed by the formation of heterogeneous bimodal grains along slip bands, which effectively constrain dislocation motion and improve strength, while microbands prevent premature failure. The fracture mode also changes from ductile to mixed to cleavage-dominated with increasing temperature. Our results demonstrate a simple and effective method for overcoming high-temperature strain-softening for BCC high entropy alloys. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Insights into the dual effects of Ti on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys Ziyuan Zhao, Daoxiu Li, Xirui Yan, Yan Chen, Zhe Jia, Dongqing Zhang, Mengxia Han, Xu Wang, Guiliang Liu, Xiangfa Liu, Sida Liu J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2024, 189 (0): 44-59.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.12.014 Abstract （425）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys are becoming increasingly popular in automotive and aerospace engineering fields due to their excellent overall performance, and grain refinement is regarded as an important way to improve casting and mechanical properties. Titanium (Ti) is a basic element for grain refinement; thus, a certain amount of Ti is often included in Al-Si alloys. In the present work, the changes in the grain refinement, mechanical, and casting properties of Al-Si alloys with different Ti concentration levels under various grain refinement conditions were systematically investigated. The specific roles of Ti in the heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al grains were summarized, and the formation mechanism of Ti-rich zones in Al-Si alloys was revealed. Excess Ti concentration could not efficiently reduce the grain size of Al-Si alloys and eventually resulted in inferior mechanical and casting qualities; hence, the recommended Ti concentration level for the aluminum alloy grades of A356 and A357 is ≤ 0.1 wt%. Furthermore, an optimized technique for the grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys was presented. A small amount of an Al-TCB master alloy was introduced to achieve the best grain refinement and mechanical properties in a trace Ti environment. The addition of 0.5 wt% of the Al-TCB master alloy at the Ti concentration level of 0.06 wt% increased the ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and quality index of the Al-7Si-0.45Mg alloy to 328.8 ± 5.0 MPa, 14.4 % ± 0.6 %, and 970.7 ± 33.1 MPa, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Introducing high-density growth twins in aluminum alloys by laser surface remelting via templated nucleation of grains Chunfeng Ma, Qinglong Zhao, Xiao Liu, Yanjun Li, Qichuan Jiang J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 213 (0): 315-324.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.06.036 Abstract （421）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save It is difficult to generate coherent twin boundaries in bulk Al alloys due to their high intrinsic stacking fault energy. Here, we report a strategy to induce high-density growth twins in aluminum alloys through the heterogeneous nucleation of twinned Al grains on twin-structured TiC nucleants and the preferred growth of twinned dendrites by laser surface remelting of bulk metals. The solidification structure at the surface shows a mixture of lamellar twinned dendrites with ultra-fine twin boundary spacing (∼2 µm), isolated twinned dendrites, and regular dendrites. EBSD analysis and finite element method (FEM) simulations have been used to understand the competitive growth between twinned and regular dendrites, and the solidification conditions for the preferred growth of twinned dendrites during laser remelting and subsequent rapid solidification are established. It is shown that the reduction in the ratio of temperature gradient G to solidification rate V promotes the formation of lamellar twinned dendrites. The primary trunk spacing of lamellar twinned dendrites is refined by the high thermal gradient and solidification rate. The present work paves a new way to generate high-density growth twins in additive-manufactured Al alloys. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Heat-balance control of friction rolling additive manufacturing based on combination of plasma preheating and instant water cooling Yangyang Sun, Haibin Liu, Ruishan Xie, Ying Chen, Shujun Chen J. Mater. Sci. Technol.    2025, 205 (0): 168-181.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.054 Abstract （419）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Friction rolling additive manufacturing (FRAM) is a solid-state additive manufacturing technology that plasticizes the feed and deposits a material using frictional heat generated by the tool head. The thermal efficiency of FRAM, which depends only on friction to generate heat, is low, and the thermal-accumulation effect of the deposition process must be addressed. An FRAM heat-balance-control method that combines plasma-arc preheating and instant water cooling (PC-FRAM) is devised in this study, and a temperature field featuring rapidly increasing and decreasing temperature is constructed around the tool head. Additionally, 2195-T87 Al-Li alloy is used as the feed material, and the effects of heating and cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated. The results show that water cooling significantly improves heat accumulation during the deposition process. The cooling rate increases by 11.7 times, and the high-temperature residence time decreases by more than 50 %. The grain size of the PC-FRAM sample is the smallest, i.e., 3.77±1.03 µm, its dislocation density is the highest, and the number density of precipitates is the highest, the size of precipitates is the smallest, which shows the best precipitation-strengthening effect. The hardness test results are consistent with the precipitation distribution. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the PC-FRAM samples are the highest (351±15.6 MPa, 251.3 ± 15.8 MPa and 16.25 %±1.25 %, respectively) among the samples investigated. The preheating and water-cooling-assisted deposition simultaneously increases the tensile strength and elongation of the deposited samples. The combination of preheating and instant cooling improves the deposition efficiency of FRAM and weakens the thermal-softening effect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）