Microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) refractory complex concentrated alloys

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Combining high strength and good ductility is an urgent requirement for traditional structural materials, but yet a challenge. Newly emerging ductile Ti₃Zr_1.5VNbAl_x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) with high specific strength were designed and synthesized via vacuum arc-melting. Alloying effects of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. It was found that the phase composition in this alloy system changes from the single disordered body-centered cubic (BCC) phase to a nano-scale mixture of co-continuous disordered BCC and ordered B2 phases with the increase of Al concentration. This structure transition results in a remarkable increase in the yield strength of the RCCAs, i.e., from 790 to 1118 MPa, leading to a superior specific yield strength of 199.4 MPa cm³ g⁻¹ for the Al0.75 alloy, meanwhile, the tension plasticity maintained at ∼10%. TEM observation demonstrates that cell-forming structure and HDDWs induced by wave slip play a crucial role of considerable plasticity in Al0.25 alloy, whereas in Al0.5 alloy, microbands induced by planar slip dominant deformation behavior. The current work is important not only for providing novel high strength and tough structural materials with low density, but also sheds light on designing high-performance lightweight alloys with tunable microstructure.

Key words: Refractory complex concentrated alloys, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Strengthening mechanisms, Deformation behavior

Shuai Zeng, Yongkang Zhou, Huan Li, Hongwei Zhang, Haifeng Zhang, Zhengwang Zhu. Microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Ti₃Zr_1.5NbVAl_x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) refractory complex concentrated alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 130: 64-74.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. The XRD curves of the as cast Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx (x = 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75) RCCAs.

Fig. 2. The SEM-BSE images of the as-cast Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs. (a) Al0 alloy, (b) Al.025 alloy, (c) Al0.5 alloy, (d) Al0.75 alloy.

Fig. 3. The SEM-EDS images of the as-cast Al0.75 alloy.

Table 1. Chemical compositions of the Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs.

Alloys	Regions	Ti	Zr	Nb	V	Al
Al0	Interdendrite	46.0	24.9	13.8	15.3	0
Al0	Dendrite	47.4	21.3	16.0	15.3	0
Al0.25	Interdendrite	42.6	25.5	12.4	14.9	4.6
Al0.25	Dendrite	46.2	18.3	17.8	14.2	3.5
Al0.5	Interdendrite	40.8	25.7	11.2	14.2	8.1
Al0.5	Dendrite	44.2	20.8	13.9	14.1	7.0
Al0.75	Interdendrite	39.7	24.4	11.2	13.5	11.2
Al0.75	Dendrite	43.4	17.1	16.3	13.8	9.4

Fig. 4. Typical EBSD inverse pole figure (the inset shows grain size distribution). (a) Al0 alloy, (b) Al0.25 alloy, (c) Al0.5 alloy, (d) Al0.75 alloy.

Fig. 5. (a-d) The TEM bright-field images and corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of the as-cast Al0, Al0.25, Al0.5 and Al0.75 alloys, respectively, (e, f) The filtered high resolution (HR) images and corresponding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) patterns of Al0.5 and Al0.75 alloys.

Fig. 6. APT results of the as-cast Al0.5 alloy. (a) APT reconstruction showing individual ion maps for Ti, Zr, V, Nb, and Al, (b) Reconstruction showing the nano-scale B2 clusters encapsulated by 20% Zr iso-concentration surface, (c) 2-D Zr ion concentration map (top), and 2-D Nb ion concentration map (bottom), (d) Proximity histogram showing the compositional partitioning of the elements across the BCC/B2 interface.

Fig. 7. Mechanical behavior of as-cast Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs. (a) The room temperature tensile engineering stress-strain curves, (b) The true stress-strain curve, (c) Comparison between specific yield strength-ductility at room temperature of the as-cast Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs with previous reported RCCAs [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37].

Fig. 8. SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of the as-cast Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs. (a) Al0 alloy, (b) Al.025 alloy, (c) Al0.5 alloy, (d) Al0.75 alloy.

Fig. 9. (a-c) BF TEM micrographs of dislocation substructures of Al0.25 alloy (the yellow arrows indicate the HDDWs, cell blocks, dislocation loops, dislocation pinning), (d, e) BF TEM micrographs of dislocation substructures of Al0.5 alloy (the yellow arrows indicate the microband, planar dislocation arrays), (f) Dislocation spacing of Al0.25 and Al0.5 alloys. The yellow arrows represent the dislocation spacing. The error bars are standard deviations of the mean.

Table 2. The empirical parameters for the Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs.

Alloy	ΔH_mix (kJ/mol)	δ (%)	ΔS_mix (J/K mol)	VEC	Ω
Al0	−0.09	5.20	10.57	4.31	239.67
Al0.25	−4.25	5.11	11.49	4.26	5.68
Al0.5	−7.82	5.01	11.95	4.21	3.15
Al0.75	−10.93	4.93	12.24	4.17	2.26

Table 3. Basic elemental data for the Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs.

Properties	Ti	Zr	Nb	V	Al
r (Å)	1.462	1.603	1.429	1.312	1.432
G (GPa)	45	35	38	47	25
σy(MPa)	140	207	105	150	30

Fig. 10. The calculation and experiment yield stress values of the Ti3Zr1.5NbVAlx RCCAs.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Ti₃Zr_1.5NbVAl_x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) refractory complex concentrated alloys

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