Photodeposition of CoOx and MoS2 on CdS as dual cocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 production

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.071

Abstract

Abstract:

Photocatalytic H₂ production from water splitting has a promising prospect for alleviating energy and environmental issues. However, the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limits the photocatalytic efficiency and its practical application. Cocatalyst engineering is an effective strategy to spatially separate photogenerated charge carriers. In this work, noble-metal-free MoS₂ and CoO_x cocatalysts are loaded on CdS nanorods by a two-step photodeposition method. The MoS₂ functions as the reduction cocatalyst to trap electrons and CoO_x as the oxidation cocatalyst to trap holes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Mott-Schottky results demonstrate the effectiveness of photodeposition for loading MoS₂ and CoO_x dual cocatalysts on CdS and their impact on the photochemical properties. The optimized CdS-MoS₂-CoO_x composite exhibits a high photocatalytic H₂-production rate of 7.4 mmol g^-1 h^-1 and an apparent quantum efficiency (QE) of 7.6% at 420 nm. Further analysis on time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) indicates that the introduction of dual cocatalysts greatly prolongs the lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers and deceases the charge recombination rates, consequently leading to superior photocatalytic H₂-production performance. This work provides a facile and effective strategy for the construction of highly efficient dual-cocatalyst-modified CdS photocatalyst for high-performance photocatalytic H₂ production.

Key words: Photocatalytic H₂ production, CdS, Dual cocatalysts, MoS₂, CoO_x, Photodeposition

Tingmin Di, Quanrong Deng, Geming Wang, Shenggao Wang, Linxi Wang, Yuhua Ma. Photodeposition of CoO_x and MoS₂ on CdS as dual cocatalysts for photocatalytic H₂ production[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 124: 209-216.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration for preparation of sample CCM.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of C, CC, CM and CCM samples.

Table 1. Pore volume, pore diameter, SBET, and the corresponding ICP-OES results of the prepared samples.

Sample	Pore volume (cm³ g^-1)	Average pore size (nm)	S_BET (m² g^-1)	ICP-OES (wt.%)
Sample	Pore volume (cm³ g^-1)	Average pore size (nm)	S_BET (m² g^-1)	Co	Mo
C	0.11	15	28
CC	0.11	17	25	0.50
CM	0.11	13	32		0.35
CCM	0.10	14	28	0.14	0.59

Fig. 3. FESEM morphologies of (a, b) C and (c, d) CCM samples.

Fig. 4. HRTEM images of CCM sample.

Fig. 5. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of C, CC, CM, and CCM.

Fig. 6. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves (inset) of the samples.

Fig. 7. (a) Survey XPS spectrum and (b-f) high-resolution XPS spectra of (b) Cd 3d, (c) S 2p, (d) Mo 3d, (e) Co 2p, and (f) O 1s of CCM.

Fig. 8. The H2 evolution rates over (a) CdS and CdS-CoOx composites with different amounts of CoOx, (b) CdS-CoOx-MoS2 with different amounts of MoS2, (c) comparison of H2 generation rate of samples CdS, CdS-CoOx, CdS-MoS2, and CdS-CoOx-MoS2; and (d) time courses of photocatalytic H2 production over sample CC8M1.

Fig. 9. (a) Proposed photocatalytic H2 production mechanism over CdS-CoOx-MoS2 nanocomposites, (b) charge transfer schematic at the interface of CdS and CoOx.

Fig. 10. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra over the as-obtained samples.

Table 2. Fitted parameters of the TRPL decay profiles in Fig. 10.

Sample	τ₁ (ns)	A₁ (%)	τ₂ (ns)	A₂ (%)	τ (ns)
C	0.49	61.17	4.79	38.83	4.19
CC	1.27	54.99	6.62	45.01	4.79
CM	0.91	48.82	5.41	51.18	5.60
CCM	1.73	50.10	8.45	49.90	7.30

Fig. 11. (a) Transient photocurrent response and (b) Mott-Schottky curves over the as-obtained samples.

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Photodeposition of CoO_x and MoS₂ on CdS as dual cocatalysts for photocatalytic H₂ production

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