J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 115: 221-231.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.030
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Tao Lianga,b, Huanhuan Zhanga, Haobo Pana,*(
), Ying Zhaoa,*()
Received:2021-09-15
Revised:2021-11-10
Accepted:2021-11-11
Published:2022-07-10
Online:2022-01-25
Contact:
Haobo Pan,Ying Zhao
About author:ying.zhao@siat.ac.cn (Y. Zhao).Tao Liang, Huanhuan Zhang, Haobo Pan, Ying Zhao. Insight into microbiologically induced corrosion performance of magnesium in tryptic soy broth with S. aureus and E. coli[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 115: 221-231.
Fig. 1. MIC performance of Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods: (a) Mg ion concentration; (b) Mass loss (24 h); (c) pH variation in the presence of Mg; (d) pH variation in the absence of Mg. The samples immersed in the abiotic solution are used as control. The results are presented as mean ± SD with ?p < 0.05, ??p < 0.01, and ???p < 0.001.
Fig. 2. MIC performance of Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods: (a) Surface morphology (24 h); (b) EDS analysis; (c) XRD patterns (24 h); (d) Cross-sectional morphology; (e) surface morphology after removing degradation product. The samples immersed in the abiotic solution are used as control.
Fig. 3. Variation of bacteria counts for Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods: (a) Adhered bacteria; (b) Planktonic bacteria; (c) Quantitative analysis of bacteria in the absence of Mg.
Fig. 4. EIS spectra and equivalent circuit model of Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods: (a) Nyquist plots; (b) Bode-impedance plots; (c) Bode-phase plots; (d) Equivalent circuit model. The samples immersed in the abiotic solution are used as control.
| Sample | Immersion time | Rs (Ω·cm2) | Q1 (Ω-1·sn·cm-2) | n1 | R1 (Ω·cm2) | Q2 (Ω-1·sn·cm-2) | n2 | R2 (Ω·cm2) | RL (Ω·cm2) | L (H·cm2) | Rp (Ω·cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0 h | 21.28 | 2.50 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 218.70 | 1.33 × 10-3 | 0.74 | 298.30 | 203.90 | 685 | 339.81 |
| 6 h | 25.07 | 2.87 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 219.80 | 1.40 × 10-4 | 0.50 | 309.00 | 221.40 | 287.70 | 348.78 | |
| 12 h | 28.92 | 2.43 × 10-5 | 0.90 | 232.20 | 7.82 × 10-4 | 0.55 | 613.80 | 628.90 | 670.30 | 542.83 | |
| 24 h | 25.25 | 2.93 × 10-5 | 0.88 | 264.20 | 6.60 × 10-4 | 0.56 | 678.90 | 780.30 | 1040 | 627.24 | |
| S. aureus (L) | 0 h | 30.53 | 3.64 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 200.10 | 1.80 × 10-3 | 0.45 | 280.5 | 238.30 | 289.90 | 328.88 |
| 6 h | 22.08 | 2.60 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 172.80 | 1.34 × 10-3 | 0.53 | 165.80 | 119.80 | 102.10 | 242.35 | |
| 12 h | 34.98 | 3.64 × 10-4 | 0.87 | 68.66 | 2.75 × 10-3 | 0.47 | 57.69 | 60.28 | 51.35 | 98.13 | |
| 24 h | 30.36 | 3.55 × 10-5 | 0.86 | 101.70 | 2.53 × 10-3 | 0.46 | 99.61 | 85.85 | 71.55 | 174.81 | |
| S. aureus (H) | 0 h | 41.84 | 3.80 × 10-5 | 0.85 | 188.30 | 2.29 × 10-3 | 0.44 | 224.50 | 182.80 | 524.90 | 289.06 |
| 6 h | 28.34 | 5.38 × 10-5 | 0.81 | 70.39 | 3.45 × 10-3 | 0.56 | 28.66 | 30.00 | 40.73 | 85.04 | |
| 12 h | 27.53 | 3.40 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 137.00 | 2.24 × 10-3 | 0.49 | 136.20 | 101.00 | 94.07 | 194.99 | |
| 24 h | 19.58 | 2.59 × 10-5 | 0.88 | 163.40 | 1.26 × 10-3 | 0.52 | 225.70 | 184.40 | 129.70 | 264.89 | |
| E. coli (L) | 0 h | 21.92 | 3.33 × 10-5 | 0.85 | 207.20 | 9.32 × 104 | 0.51 | 282.8 | 241.8 | 241.4 | 337.55 |
| 6 h | 25.84 | 3.58 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 199.40 | 1.12 × 10-3 | 0.53 | 261.60 | 247.80 | 301.20 | 326.66 | |
| 12 h | 32.71 | 3.68 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 105.70 | 2.40 × 10-3 | 0.48 | 85.69 | 76.05 | 68.87 | 145.99 | |
| 24 h | 28.07 | 2.72 × 10-5 | 0.89 | 139.30 | 1.90 × 10-3 | 0.46 | 189.10 | 142.90 | 96.63 | 220.69 | |
| E. coli (H) | 0 h | 22.71 | 2.70 × 10-5 | 0.85 | 192.50 | 1.15 × 10-3 | 0.50 | 266.80 | 230.82 | 486.80 | 316.17 |
| 6 h | 27.63 | 3.46 × 10-5 | 0.86 | 116.90 | 1.16 × 10-3 | 0.53 | 104.90 | 142.70 | 122.70 | 177.35 | |
| 12 h | 19.68 | 3.47 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 247.60 | 1.23 × 10-3 | 0.52 | 290.10 | 252.70 | 337.80 | 382.65 | |
| 24 h | 30.04 | 2.84 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 248.20 | 9.93 × 10-4 | 0.50 | 384.60 | 363.90 | 459.70 | 435.18 |
Table 1. Fitting results of the EIS spectra received from Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods.
| Sample | Immersion time | Rs (Ω·cm2) | Q1 (Ω-1·sn·cm-2) | n1 | R1 (Ω·cm2) | Q2 (Ω-1·sn·cm-2) | n2 | R2 (Ω·cm2) | RL (Ω·cm2) | L (H·cm2) | Rp (Ω·cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0 h | 21.28 | 2.50 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 218.70 | 1.33 × 10-3 | 0.74 | 298.30 | 203.90 | 685 | 339.81 |
| 6 h | 25.07 | 2.87 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 219.80 | 1.40 × 10-4 | 0.50 | 309.00 | 221.40 | 287.70 | 348.78 | |
| 12 h | 28.92 | 2.43 × 10-5 | 0.90 | 232.20 | 7.82 × 10-4 | 0.55 | 613.80 | 628.90 | 670.30 | 542.83 | |
| 24 h | 25.25 | 2.93 × 10-5 | 0.88 | 264.20 | 6.60 × 10-4 | 0.56 | 678.90 | 780.30 | 1040 | 627.24 | |
| S. aureus (L) | 0 h | 30.53 | 3.64 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 200.10 | 1.80 × 10-3 | 0.45 | 280.5 | 238.30 | 289.90 | 328.88 |
| 6 h | 22.08 | 2.60 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 172.80 | 1.34 × 10-3 | 0.53 | 165.80 | 119.80 | 102.10 | 242.35 | |
| 12 h | 34.98 | 3.64 × 10-4 | 0.87 | 68.66 | 2.75 × 10-3 | 0.47 | 57.69 | 60.28 | 51.35 | 98.13 | |
| 24 h | 30.36 | 3.55 × 10-5 | 0.86 | 101.70 | 2.53 × 10-3 | 0.46 | 99.61 | 85.85 | 71.55 | 174.81 | |
| S. aureus (H) | 0 h | 41.84 | 3.80 × 10-5 | 0.85 | 188.30 | 2.29 × 10-3 | 0.44 | 224.50 | 182.80 | 524.90 | 289.06 |
| 6 h | 28.34 | 5.38 × 10-5 | 0.81 | 70.39 | 3.45 × 10-3 | 0.56 | 28.66 | 30.00 | 40.73 | 85.04 | |
| 12 h | 27.53 | 3.40 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 137.00 | 2.24 × 10-3 | 0.49 | 136.20 | 101.00 | 94.07 | 194.99 | |
| 24 h | 19.58 | 2.59 × 10-5 | 0.88 | 163.40 | 1.26 × 10-3 | 0.52 | 225.70 | 184.40 | 129.70 | 264.89 | |
| E. coli (L) | 0 h | 21.92 | 3.33 × 10-5 | 0.85 | 207.20 | 9.32 × 104 | 0.51 | 282.8 | 241.8 | 241.4 | 337.55 |
| 6 h | 25.84 | 3.58 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 199.40 | 1.12 × 10-3 | 0.53 | 261.60 | 247.80 | 301.20 | 326.66 | |
| 12 h | 32.71 | 3.68 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 105.70 | 2.40 × 10-3 | 0.48 | 85.69 | 76.05 | 68.87 | 145.99 | |
| 24 h | 28.07 | 2.72 × 10-5 | 0.89 | 139.30 | 1.90 × 10-3 | 0.46 | 189.10 | 142.90 | 96.63 | 220.69 | |
| E. coli (H) | 0 h | 22.71 | 2.70 × 10-5 | 0.85 | 192.50 | 1.15 × 10-3 | 0.50 | 266.80 | 230.82 | 486.80 | 316.17 |
| 6 h | 27.63 | 3.46 × 10-5 | 0.86 | 116.90 | 1.16 × 10-3 | 0.53 | 104.90 | 142.70 | 122.70 | 177.35 | |
| 12 h | 19.68 | 3.47 × 10-5 | 0.84 | 247.60 | 1.23 × 10-3 | 0.52 | 290.10 | 252.70 | 337.80 | 382.65 | |
| 24 h | 30.04 | 2.84 × 10-5 | 0.87 | 248.20 | 9.93 × 10-4 | 0.50 | 384.60 | 363.90 | 459.70 | 435.18 |
Fig. 5. Polarization curves of Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods: (a) S. aureus; (b) E. coli. The samples immersed in the abiotic solution are used as control.
| Sample | Time | Ecorr (V) | icorr (A·cm-2) | βa (mV·dec-1) | βc (mV·dec-1) | Rp (Ω·cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0 h | -1.66 | 1.74 × 10-4 | 520.77 | -354.62 | 519 |
| 6 h | -1.58 | 1.68 × 10-4 | 799.44 | -276.12 | 530 | |
| 12 h | -1.56 | 1.45 × 10-4 | 595.56 | -254.20 | 535 | |
| 24 h | -1.49 | 8.42 × 10-5 | 507.10 | -246.55 | 855 | |
| S. aureus (L) | 0 h | -1.68 | 1.96 × 10-4 | 585.80 | -341.32 | 477 |
| 6 h | -1.63 | 3.19 × 10-4 | 626.27 | -283.53 | 265 | |
| 12 h | -1.67 | 6.77 × 10-4 | 938.74 | -327.40 | 156 | |
| 24 h | -1.64 | 3.80 × 10-4 | 613.56 | -314.84 | 238 | |
| S. aureus (H) | 0 h | -1.68 | 2.13 × 10-4 | 658.89 | -327.91 | 446 |
| 6 h | -1.67 | 6.02 × 10-4 | 624.50 | -325.43 | 154 | |
| 12 h | -1.62 | 4.13 × 10-4 | 552.06 | -341.04 | 222 | |
| 24 h | -1.54 | 2.80 × 10-4 | 385.57 | -297.83 | 260 | |
| E. coli (L) | 0 h | -1.67 | 1.84 × 10-4 | 652.35 | -319.06 | 505 |
| 6 h | -1.60 | 2.01 × 10-4 | 742.84 | -289.69 | 449 | |
| 12 h | -1.63 | 3.64 × 10-4 | 465.08 | -303.72 | 219 | |
| 24 h | -1.62 | 2.42 × 10-4 | 490.03 | -269.01 | 312 | |
| E. coli (H) | 0 h | -1.67 | 2.04 × 10-4 | 672.29 | -326.05 | 472 |
| 6 h | -1.63 | 4.58 × 10-4 | 906.35 | -321.73 | 225 | |
| 12 h | -1.53 | 1.62 × 10-4 | 304.26 | -298.01 | 404 | |
| 24 h | -1.53 | 1.09 × 10-4 | 380.77 | -269.46 | 627 |
Table 2. The parameters received from potentiodynamic polarization curves of Mg immersed in the biotic solution after different immersion periods.
| Sample | Time | Ecorr (V) | icorr (A·cm-2) | βa (mV·dec-1) | βc (mV·dec-1) | Rp (Ω·cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0 h | -1.66 | 1.74 × 10-4 | 520.77 | -354.62 | 519 |
| 6 h | -1.58 | 1.68 × 10-4 | 799.44 | -276.12 | 530 | |
| 12 h | -1.56 | 1.45 × 10-4 | 595.56 | -254.20 | 535 | |
| 24 h | -1.49 | 8.42 × 10-5 | 507.10 | -246.55 | 855 | |
| S. aureus (L) | 0 h | -1.68 | 1.96 × 10-4 | 585.80 | -341.32 | 477 |
| 6 h | -1.63 | 3.19 × 10-4 | 626.27 | -283.53 | 265 | |
| 12 h | -1.67 | 6.77 × 10-4 | 938.74 | -327.40 | 156 | |
| 24 h | -1.64 | 3.80 × 10-4 | 613.56 | -314.84 | 238 | |
| S. aureus (H) | 0 h | -1.68 | 2.13 × 10-4 | 658.89 | -327.91 | 446 |
| 6 h | -1.67 | 6.02 × 10-4 | 624.50 | -325.43 | 154 | |
| 12 h | -1.62 | 4.13 × 10-4 | 552.06 | -341.04 | 222 | |
| 24 h | -1.54 | 2.80 × 10-4 | 385.57 | -297.83 | 260 | |
| E. coli (L) | 0 h | -1.67 | 1.84 × 10-4 | 652.35 | -319.06 | 505 |
| 6 h | -1.60 | 2.01 × 10-4 | 742.84 | -289.69 | 449 | |
| 12 h | -1.63 | 3.64 × 10-4 | 465.08 | -303.72 | 219 | |
| 24 h | -1.62 | 2.42 × 10-4 | 490.03 | -269.01 | 312 | |
| E. coli (H) | 0 h | -1.67 | 2.04 × 10-4 | 672.29 | -326.05 | 472 |
| 6 h | -1.63 | 4.58 × 10-4 | 906.35 | -321.73 | 225 | |
| 12 h | -1.53 | 1.62 × 10-4 | 304.26 | -298.01 | 404 | |
| 24 h | -1.53 | 1.09 × 10-4 | 380.77 | -269.46 | 627 |
Fig. 6. Polarization curves of Mg in the metabolites solution with different bacterial culture periods: (a) S. aureus; (b) E. coli. TSB solution is used as control.
Fig. 7. Schematic illustration for MIC behavior of Mg induced by S. aureus and E. coli.
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