J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 104: 172-182.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.064
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yang Zhaoa, Yameng Zhua, Jinpeng Zhua,*(), Hailong Wanga, Zhuang Mab, Lihong Gaob, Yanbo Liub, Kaijun Yanga, Yongchun Shua, Jilin Hea
Received:
2021-03-26
Revised:
2021-06-27
Accepted:
2021-06-28
Published:
2022-03-30
Online:
2021-09-08
Contact:
Jinpeng Zhu
About author:
* E-mail address: zhujinpeng@zzu.edu.cn (J. Zhu).Yang Zhao, Yameng Zhu, Jinpeng Zhu, Hailong Wang, Zhuang Ma, Lihong Gao, Yanbo Liu, Kaijun Yang, Yongchun Shu, Jilin He. Atomic-resolution investigation of structural transformation caused by oxygen vacancy in La0.9Sr0.1TiO3+δ titanate layer perovskite ceramics[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 104: 172-182.
Fig. 1. (a) Reflectivity spectra for LST samples with different treatment processes. (b) Schematic of sintering process for LST bulks and corresponding macroscopic surface states. (c) Maximum reflectivity spectrum in NIR. (d) Schematic of O2 release behavior and the introduction of oxygen vacancies under high-intensity laser irradiation.
Fig. 2. (a) Indexed XRD patterns of LST samples with SrLa8Ti9O31. (b) Diffraction parameters of (00) (21) and (401) crystal planes. Surface morphologies of LST samples with different sintering atmospheres: (c) O2, (d) air, and (e) Ar. (f) EPR spectra with oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ signal peaks of LST-Ar and LST-O2 samples.
Sample | a (Å) | b (Å) | c (Å) | Cell volume (Å3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SrLa8Ti9O31 | 7.810 | 5.533 | 57.010 | 2463.558 |
LST-O2 | 7.796 | 5.531 | 57.016 | 2458.511 |
LST-Air | 7.774 | 5.529 | 57.022 | 2450.945 |
LST-Ar | 7.765 | 5.524 | 57.033 | 2446.366 |
Table 1 Calculated lattice parameters of LST samples in different sintering atmospheres.
Sample | a (Å) | b (Å) | c (Å) | Cell volume (Å3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SrLa8Ti9O31 | 7.810 | 5.533 | 57.010 | 2463.558 |
LST-O2 | 7.796 | 5.531 | 57.016 | 2458.511 |
LST-Air | 7.774 | 5.529 | 57.022 | 2450.945 |
LST-Ar | 7.765 | 5.524 | 57.033 | 2446.366 |
Fig. 3. (a) Raman spectra of LST samples at room temperature (~25 ℃). (b) Structure-optimized LST lattice model was provided to show specific influences on [TiO6] octahedrons induced by oxygen vacancies. (c) Temperature-dependent LST-Air sample Raman spectrum collected at 25, 250, 500 and 1000 ℃.
Fig. 4. XPS spectra of LST samples for (a) Ti 2p and (b) O 1s. (c) Deconvolution curves of Ti 2p of LST-Air and (d) LST-Ar. (e) Deconvolution curves of O 1s of LST-Air and (f) LST-Ar.
Fig. 5. HREM images of LST ceramic in b axial direction. (a) Bright-field image. (b) Magnified image of square region shown in Fig. 5(a) with EDS collection spots. (c) HREM image along b axial direction with SAED pattern. (d) Magnified image of square region with corresponding inset FFT image. (e) Magnified image of square region in Fig. 5(d). (f) Local lattice schematic models and contrast intensity graph of cyan line shown in Fig. 5(e). (g) Filtered IFFT images of Fig. 5(e). (h) Local lattice schematic model and contrast intensity graph of cyan line for comparison with Fig. 5(f). (i) Localized HREM image with dorsal fold. (j) Corresponding FFT images along the atomic plane (00) (21). (k) Magnified IFFT images from the square region in Fig. 5(i) with edge dislocations and (l) magnified image of edge dislocation defects.
Fig. 6. HAADF images along a-axis of LST-Air sample. (a) Surface morphology at the thinner edge. (b) Magnified morphology of the red region shown in Fig. 6(a). (c) Atomic image with different dislocation structures. (d) Magnified atomic image of the yellow square region shown in Fig. 6(c). (e) IFFT image of square Region A shown in Fig. 6(d) with intensity profiles of atomic column indicated by cyan line. (f) IFFT images of square Region B shown in Fig. 6(d) with atomic column intensity profiles.
Fig. 7. HAADF images observed on (120) plane along b axis with simulated LST multicell model and rearrangement effect on reflectivity. (a) General arrangement of LST lattice. (b) Magnified HAADF images of general arrangement lattice with schematic structure composed of La/Sr (green) and Ti (orange) atoms. (c) Optimized LST multicell model with corresponding experimental image. (d) and (e) Different degrees of atomic dislocation structures. (f) Schematic of atomic rearrangement effect on reflectivity.
Fig. 9. HAADF/HREM and corresponding strain field images. (a) and (b) Stress changes caused by multiple displacements in (120) zone. (c) and (d) Structure of dislocation line and stress orientation along an axis. (e) and (f) Strain fields of linear folds with adjacent regions. (g) and (h) Strain fields of folds and adjacent areas. Counts on color bar and arrows in figures represent stress intensity and stress stretching directions, respectively.
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