Rational design of a bismuth oxyiodide (Bi/BiO1-xI) catalyst for synergistic photothermal and photocatalytic inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in water

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.056

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, bismuth oxyiodide with coexistence of plasmonic Bi and oxygen vacancy (Bi/BiO_1-_xI) was successfully prepared and used towards photothermal and photocatalytic disinfection of pathogenic bacteria containing water. Plasmonic Bi and oxygen vacancies in Bi/BiO_1-_xI induced a surface plasmon effect under the irradiation of simulated solar light from 500-900 nm and promoted the generation of hot electrons and reactive species (¹O₂, h⁺ and •O₂^-). The catalyst showed promising performance for inactivation of E. coli K-12, with a 7.2 log inactivated achieved under the optimum conditions. A synergy between photothermal and photocatalytic inactivation was identified and discussed. The mechanisms of E. coli K-12 destruction were investigated. The destruction of extracellular antioxidant enzymes of E. coli K-12 was identified after inactivation. Moreover, the E. coli's membrane and its intracellular contents were attacked by the reactive species (¹O₂, h⁺ and •O₂^-) and the thermal effects. This work provides useful insights into the rational design of semimetal bismuth-mediated photocatalysts towards effective and sustainable water disinfection.

Key words: Photothermocatalysis, Semimetal Bi, Disinfection, Oxygen vacancy, Solar light

Huinan Zhao, Xinyi Guan, Feng Zhang, Yajing Huang, Dehua Xia, Lingling Hu, Xiaoyuan Ji, Ran Yin, Chun He. Rational design of a bismuth oxyiodide (Bi/BiO_1-_xI) catalyst for synergistic photothermal and photocatalytic inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in water[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 100: 110-119.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns and (b) EPR spectra of the samples; XPS spectra of pure BiOI and Bi/BiO1-xI-3: (c) survey; (d) Bi 4f; (e) O 1s; (f) I 3d.

Fig. 2. SEM images of pure BiOI (a, b) and Bi/BiO1-xI-3 (c, d); EDS elemental mapping in Bi/BiO1-xI-3 composite (e-h).

Fig. 3. Inactivation efficiency against E. coli K-12 with pure BiOI and Bi/BiO1-xI (a) and with different filter (420 and 830 nm) under Xenon lamp (b); (c) Inactivation efficiency against E. coli K-12 with catalysts at room temperature under Xenon lamp, and at different temperatures in the dark; (d) Comparison of inactivation efficiency of photothermocatalysis, photocatalysis and thermocatalysis.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic illustration of flow-through disinfection system using the reactor under irradiation; (b) Inactivation performance toward different bacteria by Bi/BiO1-xI-3; (c) Repetitive use of recycled Bi/BiO1-xI-3 for E. coli K-12 inactivation.

Fig. 5. (a) Temperature versus time plots recorded in water BiOI and Bi/BiO1-xI-3 suspension upon irradiation by Xenon lamp with/without different filter (420 and 830 nm); (b) Thermo images for BiOI and Bi/BiO1-xI-3; ESR spectra of (c) 1O2 and (d) •O2- generated by Bi/BiO1-xI-3 under full solar spectrum and full solar (at room temperature), as well as Bi/BiO1-xI-3 under thermocatalysis (60 °C); (e) Scavenger quenching on E. coli K-12 inactivation by 0.2 mg/mL Bi/BiO1-xI-3 with the addition of different scavengers.

Fig. 6. (a) SOD and (b) catalase activity after photothermocatalysis, photocatalysis and thermocatalysis inactivation for 0 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 25 min.

Fig. 7. (a-c) SEM images and fluorescence microscopic images of E. coli K-12 treated by Bi/BiO1-xI-3 with different time under a Xenon lamp; (d) ATP content in cells after photothermocatalytic inactivation for 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min; (e) GSH content in cells after photothermocatalytic inactivation for 0 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 40 min.

Fig. 8. (a) UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum; (b) Mott-Schottky plots; (c) Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and (d) photocurrent spectra (PC) of the samples.

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of proposed mechanisms for photothermal synergistic inactivation of E. coli K-12 with Bi/BiO1-xI.

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