CdS nanosheets decorated with Ni@graphene core-shell cocatalyst for superior photocatalytic H2 production

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.032

Abstract

Abstract:

A novel cocatalyst, i.e. metallic nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in few-layer graphene (Ni@C), is obtained by carbonization of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and leaching treatment of hydrochloric acid. It is selected as the cocatalyst for CdS nanosheets, forming CdS-Ni@C nanocomposites. It remarkably improves the photocatalytic activities of CdS nanosheets due to the synergistic effect of Ni nanoparticles and graphene layers. In addition, the Ni nanoparticles encapsulated by graphene layers effectively isolate Ni from the ambient, which avoids contamination and curbs corrosion. The larger work function of Ni@C and outstanding conductivity of graphene promote the electron transfer from CdS to Ni@C, suppressing the recombination of photogenerated carriers and facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This strategy by adopting this novel cocatalyst provides a new solution to the improvement of the photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Key words: CdS nanosheets, Photocatalytic hydrogen production, Nickel, Graphene, Core-shell cocatalyst, Metal-organic frameworks (MOF)

Tingmin Di, Liuyang Zhang, Bei Cheng, Jiaguo Yu, Jiajie Fan. CdS nanosheets decorated with Ni@graphene core-shell cocatalyst for superior photocatalytic H₂ production[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 56: 170-178.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1. XRD patterns (a), and Raman spectra (b) for the various Ni@C samples.

Table 1 Carbonization temperatures and the corresponding Ni ratios in the Ni@C cocatalysts.

sample	Carbonization temperature (°C)	Ni (wt.%)
550Ni@C	500	39.1
700Ni@C	700	37.8
850Ni@C	850	34.8

Fig. 2. TEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images of the 700Ni@C sample. The inset of (a) is an enlarged image; the inset of (b) is a schematic illustration of the Ni@C structure.

Fig. 3. XRD patterns (a) and Raman spectra (b) for the obtained CdS-Ni@C samples.

Fig. 4. FESEM (a) and the corresponding elemental mapping images (b-e) of the CdS-700Ni@C sample.

Fig. 5. TEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images of sample CdS-700Ni@C.

Fig. 6. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of pristine CdS nanosheets and various CdS-Ni@C composites.

Fig. 7. XPS survey spectra (a), high resolution XPS spectra of Cd 3d (b), S 2p (c), Ni 2p (d) and C 1s (e) for pristine CdS nanosheets, 700Ni@C and CdS-700Ni@C samples.

Fig. 8. CPD values of CdS nanosheets and 700Ni@C samples.

Fig. 9. (a) Photocatalytic H2 production activities of CdS loaded with different amounts of 700Ni@C under visible light irradiation; (b) time course of photocatalytic H2 production over CdS nanosheets and CdS-Ni@C composites.

Fig. 10. Schematic diagrams of charge transfer between CdS nanosheets and the Ni@C cocatalyst: (a) band structures and charge transfer processes; (b) photocatalytic H2 evolution over CdS-Ni@C photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.

Fig. 11. (a) Transient photocurrent responses; (b) electrochemical impedance spectra; Mott-Schottky curves (c) and polarization curves (d) of CdS nanosheets and CdS-700Ni@C composite with 2 wt.% Ni@C in 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution.

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CdS nanosheets decorated with Ni@graphene core-shell cocatalyst for superior photocatalytic H₂ production

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