Improving the fretting biocorrosion of Ti6Al4V alloy bone screw by decorating structure optimised TiO2 nanotubes layer

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.027

Abstract

Abstract:

TiO₂ nanotubes (NT) has been demonstrated its potential in orthopaedic applications due to its enhanced surface wettability and bio-osteointegration. However, the fretting biocorrosion is the main concern that limited its successfully application in orthopaedic application. In this study, a structure optimised thin TiO₂ nanotube (SONT) layer was successfully created on Ti₆Al₄V bone screw, and its fretting corrosion performance was investigated and compared to the pristine Ti₆Al₄V bone screws and NT decorated screw in a bone-screw fretting simulation rig. The results have shown that the debonding TiO₂ nanotube from the bone screw reduced significantly, as a result of structure optimisation. The SONT layer also exhibited enhanced bio-corrosion resistance compared pristine bone screw and conventionally NT modified bone screw. It is postulated that interfacial layer between TiO₂ nanotube and Ti₆Al₄V substrate, generated during structure optimisation process, enhanced bonding of TiO₂ nanotube layer to the Ti₆Al₄V bone screws that leading to the improvement in fretting corrosion resistance. The results highlighted the potential SONT in orthopaedic application as bone fracture fixation devices.

Key words: Bone implant interface, Bone screws, Biomedical materials, TiO₂ nanotubes, Fretting corrosion

Jiajun Luo, Maryam Tamaddon, Changyou Yan, Shuanhong Ma, Xiaolong Wang, Feng Zhou, Chaozong Liu. Improving the fretting biocorrosion of Ti₆Al₄V alloy bone screw by decorating structure optimised TiO₂ nanotubes layer[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 49: 47-55.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. Schematic of fretting at bone-implant interface: Fretting behavior of inserted injury fixation screws (a), load vertically applied on screws, fretting behavior at bone implant interface, the fretting leads to implant surface damage and wear debris generation (b) and mechanical jig setup (c).

Fig. 2. Schematic of self-tapping screw and SEM observation of debonding of TiO2 nanotube layer, five points on the thread ridge were used for SEM examinations.

Fig. 3. FESEM images of the surfaces of MA, NT and SONT screws. The micro pits were formed on both NT and SONT surface (black arrows).

Fig. 4. FESEM images of NT and SONT, top view of NT (a1) and SONT (b1), side view of NT (a2) and SONT (b2) and the bottom part view NT (a3) and SONT (b3). The structure of NT and SONT were shown highly similarity except the bottom, a flat layer was bonded nanotubes bottom in SONT.

Fig. 5. SEM-EDX images of NT and SONT at pits and nanotubes areas: NT pits areas and nanotubes areas (a) and SONT pits areas and nanotubes areas (b).

Fig. 6. Open circuit potential of MA, NT and SONT: before and after fretting (a) and OCP decreased value of each screws after fretting (b).

Fig. 7. Optical image of MA, NT and SONT screws before fretting test (a1) and after fretting test (a2). The enlarged optical images revealed the fretting worn markers on pristine (b1), NT (b2) and SONT (b3) screws, respectively.

Fig. 8. Worn after fretting on drill tapping areas, MA screw a1 and a2, NT screw b1 and b2, SONT screw c1 and c2. MA tapping area has worn heavily, tapping upper areas were also worn (a1 and a2, white arrows). The nanotubes layer lift off on NT tapping areas were more than that on SONT (b1 and c1, b2 and c2), some areas on SONT displayed light grey color (c1 and c2, white arrows).

Fig. 9. SEM observations of worn thread ridges of machined (MA 1-5), NT (NT 1-5) and SONT (SONT 1-5) screw, bar = 300 μm.

Fig. 10. Lift off areas of nanotubes layer on thread for NT and SONT decorated screw, ＊＊, p < 0.01. p value: 0.0051, Error bars represent standard error with the mean (s.e.m).

Fig. 11. Thread width measure points (white bar areas) of MA(a), NT(b) and SONT(c), bar = 300 μm.

Fig. 12. Thread width of MA, NT and SONT after fretting, ＊, p < 0.05, ＊＊, p < 0.01, ＊＊＊, p < 0.001.

Fig. 13. The vanadium containing phase dissolved during nanotubes generation process that caused micro pits formed, leading to substrate exposure. The bonding layer presents a vital role to against corrosion in SBF though sealed the pits. European Union via the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 program (BAMOS, 734156)

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Improving the fretting biocorrosion of Ti₆Al₄V alloy bone screw by decorating structure optimised TiO₂ nanotubes layer

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