J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 131: 115-121.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.028
• Review Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
K. Gaoa, X.G. Zhua, L. Chena, W.H. Lia, X. Xua, B.T. Pana, W.R. Lib, W.H. Zhouc, L. Lic, W. Huangc, Y. Lic,*(
)
Received:2022-03-09
Revised:2022-04-18
Accepted:2022-05-08
Published:2022-06-09
Online:2022-06-09
Contact:
Y. Li
About author:*E-mail address: liyi@imr.ac.cn (Y. Li)K. Gao, X.G. Zhu, L. Chen, W.H. Li, X. Xu, B.T. Pan, W.R. Li, W.H. Zhou, L. Li, W. Huang, Y. Li. Recent development in the application of bulk metallic glasses[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 131: 115-121.
| Technologies | Computer numerical control machining (CNC) | Metal injection molding (MIM) | Die casting molding of BMGs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Low consistency in the product shape caused by the cutting and wastage Time-consuming | Low dimension precision Reprocessing is necessary Uneven dimension caused by different cooling rate in different parts of the product Uneven microstructure and texture of the product | High dimension precision (An order magnitude higher than that of MIM) High consistency of the product Uniform microstructure and texture of the product Mirror-smooth surfaces One-step forming without any reprocessing process |
| Cost | High | Low around a half of that of CNC | Low and comparable to that of MIM |
Table 1. Summary of the characteristics and cost comparison of several production and processing techniques.
| Technologies | Computer numerical control machining (CNC) | Metal injection molding (MIM) | Die casting molding of BMGs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Low consistency in the product shape caused by the cutting and wastage Time-consuming | Low dimension precision Reprocessing is necessary Uneven dimension caused by different cooling rate in different parts of the product Uneven microstructure and texture of the product | High dimension precision (An order magnitude higher than that of MIM) High consistency of the product Uniform microstructure and texture of the product Mirror-smooth surfaces One-step forming without any reprocessing process |
| Cost | High | Low around a half of that of CNC | Low and comparable to that of MIM |
| Alloys | Alloy | GFA | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beryllium (Be) containing alloys | Vit 1 | The best glass forming ability alloys | Most easy processing alloys, with potential health issue. |
| Crystal Bar Zr | Vit 105 and 106, 601 | Excellent glass forming ability | Expensive, and Limited supply. |
| Sponge Zr + Y | Yihao alloy | Excellent glass forming ability and processing ability | Due to the existence of Y2O3, most suitable for interior products. |
| Sponge Zr | IMR alloy | Good glass forming ability | Much cheaper. Good surface finishing Good processing ability Suitable for exterior product. |
Table 2. Summary of typical Zr based bulk metallic glasses.
| Alloys | Alloy | GFA | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beryllium (Be) containing alloys | Vit 1 | The best glass forming ability alloys | Most easy processing alloys, with potential health issue. |
| Crystal Bar Zr | Vit 105 and 106, 601 | Excellent glass forming ability | Expensive, and Limited supply. |
| Sponge Zr + Y | Yihao alloy | Excellent glass forming ability and processing ability | Due to the existence of Y2O3, most suitable for interior products. |
| Sponge Zr | IMR alloy | Good glass forming ability | Much cheaper. Good surface finishing Good processing ability Suitable for exterior product. |
| Alloy designated | Composition (at.%) | Remark | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vit 1 | Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 | Golf club heads Tennis racket | [ |
| Vit 105 | Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 | Musical instrument Medical applications | [ |
| Zr-55 | Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 | Pressure sensor Golf club heads | [ |
| 106 | Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 | - | [ |
| 106C | Zr57.2Cu15.56Ni12.71Al10.34Nb3.76Re0.43 | Guitar Pins Ear phone Latch cover Phone hinge | [ |
| 8 | Zr50.75(Cu90Ni10)40.25Al9 | - | [ |
Table 3. Summary of Zr-based alloys used for commercial applications.
| Alloy designated | Composition (at.%) | Remark | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vit 1 | Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 | Golf club heads Tennis racket | [ |
| Vit 105 | Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 | Musical instrument Medical applications | [ |
| Zr-55 | Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 | Pressure sensor Golf club heads | [ |
| 106 | Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 | - | [ |
| 106C | Zr57.2Cu15.56Ni12.71Al10.34Nb3.76Re0.43 | Guitar Pins Ear phone Latch cover Phone hinge | [ |
| 8 | Zr50.75(Cu90Ni10)40.25Al9 | - | [ |
Fig. 1. Guitar Pins made of bulk metallic glass, which was first launched by Martin Guitar in 2015.
Fig. 2. High end Sony ear phone made of bulk metallic glass launched in 2018. (a, b) The bulk metallic glass components. (c) A full view of ear phone.
Fig. 3. Examples of face ID support made by bulk metallic glass in several phones. Face ID support before (a) and after (c) installing the camera in OPPO Find X launched in 2018; Face ID support before (b) and after (d) installing the camera in HUAWEI Mate 20 Pro launched in 2018.
Fig. 4. Latch cover made of bulk metallic glass for the TASLA car door, which was first launched in 2015.
Fig. 5. Phone hinge made of bulk metallic glass of folding screen mobile phone launched by Huawei in 2020. (a) The obtained phone hinge by die casting modeling. (b) The phone hinge after physical vapor deposition (PVD) treatment. (c) Inner observation of the folding screen mobile phone. (d) Sideview of the folding screen mobile phone.
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