Defect engineering in Co-doped Ni3S2 nanosheets as cathode for high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.027

Abstract

Abstract:

With the merits of low cost, environmental benignity, and high safety, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have great potential in the field of energy storage. In this paper, we craft a Co-doped Ni₃S₂ with abundant sulfur vacancies as effective cathode materials (Co-Ni₃S_2-_x) for AZIBs by hydrothermal and chemical reduction method. Notably, cobalt doping and abundant sulfur vacancies can effectively increase the conductivity and the number of active sites for electrochemical reactions, which gives the Co-Ni₃S_2-_x electrode the outstanding capability to energy storage. By coupling Co-Ni₃S_2-_x cathode with Zn anodes to assemble alkaline AZIBs, the Co-Ni₃S_2-_x//Zn full battery exhibits excellent specific capacity (183.9 mAh g^-1 at 1 A g^-1, based on cathode mass) and extraordinary cycling durability (72.9% capacity retention after 6000 cycles). First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) confirm that the Co-Ni₃S_2-_x electrode has strong energy storage capacity and electrochemical stability. The results provide an extremely significant reference in designs of self-supported bimetallic sulfide nanosheets, which have promising applications in high-performance energy storage devices.

Key words: Zinc ion battery, Metal doping, Sulfur vacancy, Ni₃S₂

Xiaojuan Li, Shunshun Zhao, Guangmeng Qu, Xiao Wang, Peiyu Hou, Gang Zhao, Xijin Xu. Defect engineering in Co-doped Ni₃S₂ nanosheets as cathode for high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 118: 190-198.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Co-Ni3S2-x growth on NF substrate and schematic diagram of sulfur vacancy structure.

Fig. 2. SEM images of (a) Co-Ni3S2/NF and (b) Co-Ni3S2-x/NF, (c) TEM image of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF, (d) High-resolution TEM of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF (the red circles represent the defect), (e) SAED pattern, (f-i) high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM image (HAADF-STEM) of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF and its corresponding elemental mappings for Ni, Co, and S.

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns, (b) survey XPS spectra; high-resolution spectra of (c) Ni 2p, (d) Co 2p and (e) S 2p of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF, (f) EPR spectrum of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF.

Fig. 4. (a) CV and (d) GCD curves of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF electrodes under various scan rates and current densities. (b) CV curves of Co-Ni3S2/NF and Co-Ni3S2-x/NF electrodes with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 and (c) GCD curves of Co-Ni3S2/NF and Co-Ni3S2-x/NF electrodes under a current density of 1.0 A g-1. (e) Variation of discharge capacity of the Ni3S2-based materials with current densities (1-20 A g-1), (f) EIS profiles of the Co-Ni3S2-x/NF electrode, Co-Ni3S2/NF powder electrode, and Ni3S2/NF electrode.

Fig. 5. (a-c) The relaxed models of Ni3S2 (100), Co-Ni3S2 (100), and Co-Ni3S2-x (100). (d-f) Adsorption model of OH- on Ni3S2, Co-Ni3S2, and Co-Ni3S2-x. (g-i) The TDOS of the original Ni3S2, Co-Ni3S2, and Co-Ni3S2-x.

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of aqueous Co-Ni3S2-x/NF//Zn battery. (b) CV curves of the Co-Ni3S2-x/NF//Zn battery at various scan rates. (c) Charge and discharge profiles of the Co-Ni3S2-x/NF//Zn battery under different current densities. (d) Specific capacities at various current densities of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF//Zn battery. (e) Cycling rate performance of Co-Ni3S2-x/NF//Zn battery. (f) Ragone plots of the Co-Ni3S2-x/NF//Zn battery. The values reported for other aqueous batteries are added for comparison. (g) Cycling durability of the aqueous Ni-Zn battery device at a current density of 10 A g-1.

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Defect engineering in Co-doped Ni₃S₂ nanosheets as cathode for high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery

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